refactored, pre-buffer reuse

.gitignore

@@ -37,3 +37,5 @@ build/
 
 ### Mac OS ###
 .DS_Store
+
+CLAUDE.md

.idea/.gitignore

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-# Default ignored files
-/shelf/
-/workspace.xml
-# Ignored default folder with query files
-/queries/
-# Datasource local storage ignored files
-/dataSources/
-/dataSources.local.xml
-# Editor-based HTTP Client requests
-/httpRequests/

.idea/encodings.xml

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
   <component name="Encoding">
     <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-bench/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
     <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-bench/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
     <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
     <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
   </component>

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -10,12 +10,8 @@
     <option name="originalFiles">
       <list>
         <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/pom.xml" />
-      </list>
-    </option>
-    <option name="ignoredFiles">
-      <set>
         <option value="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-bench/pom.xml" />
-      </set>
+      </list>
     </option>
   </component>
   <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_21" default="true" project-jdk-name="21" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">

.idea/vcs.xml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project version="4">
   <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
-    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="" vcs="Git" />
   </component>
 </project>

.idea/workspace.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="AutoImportSettings">
+    <option name="autoReloadType" value="SELECTIVE" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="ChangeListManager">
+    <list default="true" id="fc757130-fe3e-4ea9-8d69-c26ffb8545a4" name="Changes" comment="pre-module refactor">
+      <change afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/workspace.xml" afterDir="false" />
+      <change afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/README.md" afterDir="false" />
+      <change afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-bench/pom.xml" afterDir="false" />
+      <change afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-bench/src/main/java/dev/relism/bench/Main.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-bench/src/main/resources/simplelogger.properties" afterDir="false" />
+      <change afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/pom.xml" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.gitignore" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.gitignore" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/.gitignore" beforeDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/encodings.xml" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/encodings.xml" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/misc.xml" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/misc.xml" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/vcs.xml" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/vcs.xml" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/CLAUDE.md" beforeDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/pom.xml" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/pom.xml" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/Flash.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/Flash.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/HttpServer.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/HttpServer.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/HttpServerConfiguration.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/HttpServerConfiguration.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/Main.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/Main.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/RequestParser.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/RequestParser.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/exceptions/DuplicateNamespaceException.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/exceptions/DuplicateNamespaceException.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/http/ContentType.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/http/ContentType.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/http/HttpMethod.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/http/HttpMethod.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/http/HttpStatus.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/http/HttpStatus.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/HeaderMap.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/HeaderMap.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/LazyBody.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/LazyBody.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/PathParams.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/PathParams.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/QueryParams.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/QueryParams.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/Request.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/Request.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/RequestHandler.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/RequestHandler.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/RequestLine.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/RequestLine.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/Response.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/Response.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/SimpleHandler.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/models/SimpleHandler.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/AbstractRouter.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/AbstractRouter.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/GlobalRouter.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/GlobalRouter.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/PathUtils.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/PathUtils.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/Route.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/Route.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/routers/fastpathrouter/FastPathRouterImpl.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/routers/fastpathrouter/FastPathRouterImpl.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/routers/fastpathrouter/FastPathViews.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/routers/fastpathrouter/FastPathViews.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/routers/radix/RadixPathRouterImpl.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/routing/routers/radix/RadixPathRouterImpl.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/template/ByteTemplate.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/template/ByteTemplate.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java/dev/relism/template/ErrorPages.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/template/ErrorPages.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/resources/assets/html/default_404.html" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/resources/assets/html/default_404.html" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/resources/assets/html/default_exception.html" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/resources/assets/html/default_exception.html" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/resources/assets/logo.png" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/resources/assets/logo.png" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/HttpServerConcurrencyTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/HttpServerConcurrencyTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/HttpServerTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/HttpServerTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/RequestParserTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/RequestParserTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/http/ContentTypeTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/http/ContentTypeTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/http/HttpMethodTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/http/HttpMethodTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/http/HttpStatusTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/http/HttpStatusTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/HeaderMapTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/HeaderMapTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/PathParamsTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/PathParamsTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/QueryParamsTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/QueryParamsTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/RequestLineTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/RequestLineTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/RequestTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/RequestTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/ResponseTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/ResponseTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/SimpleHandlerTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/models/SimpleHandlerTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/routing/AbstractRouterTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/routing/AbstractRouterTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/routing/GlobalRouterTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/routing/GlobalRouterTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/routing/PathUtilsTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/routing/PathUtilsTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/routing/routers/fastpathrouter/FastPathRouterImplTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/routing/routers/fastpathrouter/FastPathRouterImplTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/routing/routers/fastpathrouter/FastPathViewsTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/routing/routers/fastpathrouter/FastPathViewsTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/template/ByteTemplateTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/template/ByteTemplateTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/test/java/dev/relism/template/ErrorPagesTest.java" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/template/ErrorPagesTest.java" afterDir="false" />
+    </list>
+    <option name="SHOW_DIALOG" value="false" />
+    <option name="HIGHLIGHT_CONFLICTS" value="true" />
+    <option name="HIGHLIGHT_NON_ACTIVE_CHANGELIST" value="false" />
+    <option name="LAST_RESOLUTION" value="IGNORE" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="CopilotPersistence">
+    <persistenceIdMap>
+      <entry key="_C:/Users/elorc/Documents/Coding/Java/practice/Flash" value="3Axc6mzLyNvh4TgGFvNSCSq83xw" />
+      <entry key="_C:/Users/elorc/Documents/Coding/Java/practice/FlashPractice" value="3AoiAx4zfxMcuO6fDI9oALOPcq1" />
+    </persistenceIdMap>
+  </component>
+  <component name="EmbeddingIndexingInfo">
+    <option name="cachedIndexableFilesCount" value="88" />
+    <option name="fileBasedEmbeddingIndicesEnabled" value="true" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="FileTemplateManagerImpl">
+    <option name="RECENT_TEMPLATES">
+      <list>
+        <option value="Enum" />
+        <option value="Class" />
+      </list>
+    </option>
+  </component>
+  <component name="Git.Settings">
+    <option name="RECENT_GIT_ROOT_PATH" value="$PROJECT_DIR$" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="GitHubPullRequestSearchHistory">{
+  &quot;lastFilter&quot;: {
+    &quot;state&quot;: &quot;OPEN&quot;,
+    &quot;assignee&quot;: &quot;Relism&quot;
+  }
+}</component>
+  <component name="GithubPullRequestsUISettings">{
+  &quot;selectedUrlAndAccountId&quot;: {
+    &quot;url&quot;: &quot;https://github.com/Relism/Flash5.git&quot;,
+    &quot;accountId&quot;: &quot;86d8a39c-af27-4b79-8d5d-dc74375c3348&quot;
+  }
+}</component>
+  <component name="McpProjectServerCommands">
+    <commands />
+    <urls />
+  </component>
+  <component name="ProjectColorInfo">{
+  &quot;associatedIndex&quot;: 3
+}</component>
+  <component name="ProjectId" id="3AoiAx4zfxMcuO6fDI9oALOPcq1" />
+  <component name="ProjectViewState">
+    <option name="hideEmptyMiddlePackages" value="true" />
+    <option name="showLibraryContents" value="true" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="PropertiesComponent">{
+  &quot;keyToString&quot;: {
+    &quot;Application.ExternalBenchmark.executor&quot;: &quot;Run&quot;,
+    &quot;Application.Main.executor&quot;: &quot;Run&quot;,
+    &quot;Application.dev.relism.bench.Main.executor&quot;: &quot;Run&quot;,
+    &quot;JUnit.RequestParserTest.executor&quot;: &quot;Run&quot;,
+    &quot;JUnit.RequestParserTest.headers_caseInsensitive.executor&quot;: &quot;Debug&quot;,
+    &quot;Maven.FlashPractice [test].executor&quot;: &quot;Run&quot;,
+    &quot;Maven.flash [compile].executor&quot;: &quot;Run&quot;,
+    &quot;Maven.flash [install].executor&quot;: &quot;Run&quot;,
+    &quot;Maven.flash-bench [clean].executor&quot;: &quot;Run&quot;,
+    &quot;Maven.flash-bench [install].executor&quot;: &quot;Run&quot;,
+    &quot;Maven.flash-bench [validate].executor&quot;: &quot;Run&quot;,
+    &quot;ModuleVcsDetector.initialDetectionPerformed&quot;: &quot;true&quot;,
+    &quot;RunOnceActivity.MCP Project settings loaded&quot;: &quot;true&quot;,
+    &quot;RunOnceActivity.ShowReadmeOnStart&quot;: &quot;true&quot;,
+    &quot;RunOnceActivity.TerminalTabsStorage.copyFrom.TerminalArrangementManager.252&quot;: &quot;true&quot;,
+    &quot;RunOnceActivity.git.unshallow&quot;: &quot;true&quot;,
+    &quot;RunOnceActivity.typescript.service.memoryLimit.init&quot;: &quot;true&quot;,
+    &quot;SHARE_PROJECT_CONFIGURATION_FILES&quot;: &quot;true&quot;,
+    &quot;git-widget-placeholder&quot;: &quot;master&quot;,
+    &quot;ignore.virus.scanning.warn.message&quot;: &quot;true&quot;,
+    &quot;kotlin-language-version-configured&quot;: &quot;true&quot;,
+    &quot;last_opened_file_path&quot;: &quot;C:/Users/elorc/Documents/Coding/Java/practice/Flash&quot;,
+    &quot;node.js.detected.package.eslint&quot;: &quot;true&quot;,
+    &quot;node.js.detected.package.tslint&quot;: &quot;true&quot;,
+    &quot;node.js.selected.package.eslint&quot;: &quot;(autodetect)&quot;,
+    &quot;node.js.selected.package.tslint&quot;: &quot;(autodetect)&quot;,
+    &quot;nodejs_package_manager_path&quot;: &quot;npm&quot;,
+    &quot;onboarding.tips.debug.path&quot;: &quot;C:/Users/elorc/Documents/Coding/Java/practice/FlashPractice/flash-bench/src/main/java/dev/relism/Main.java&quot;,
+    &quot;project.structure.last.edited&quot;: &quot;Modules&quot;,
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+    &quot;vue.rearranger.settings.migration&quot;: &quot;true&quot;
+  }
+}</component>
+  <component name="RecentsManager">
+    <key name="MoveFile.RECENT_KEYS">
+      <recent name="C:\Users\elorc\Documents\Coding\Java\practice\Flash" />
+    </key>
+  </component>
+  <component name="RunManager" selected="Application.ExternalBenchmark">
+    <configuration name="ExternalBenchmark" type="Application" factoryName="Application" temporary="true" nameIsGenerated="true">
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+      <module name="flash-bench" />
+      <extension name="coverage">
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+          <option name="PATTERN" value="dev.relism.bench.*" />
+          <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
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+        <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
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+    <configuration name="Main" type="Application" factoryName="Application" temporary="true" nameIsGenerated="true">
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+      <module name="flash" />
+      <extension name="coverage">
+        <pattern>
+          <option name="PATTERN" value="dev.relism.*" />
+          <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
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+      </extension>
+      <method v="2">
+        <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
+      </method>
+    </configuration>
+    <configuration name="dev.relism.bench.Main" type="Application" factoryName="Application" temporary="true" nameIsGenerated="true">
+      <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="dev.relism.bench.Main" />
+      <module name="flash-bench" />
+      <extension name="coverage">
+        <pattern>
+          <option name="PATTERN" value="dev.relism.bench.*" />
+          <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
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+      <method v="2">
+        <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
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+    <recent_temporary>
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+        <item itemvalue="Application.dev.relism.bench.Main" />
+        <item itemvalue="Application.Main" />
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+    <task id="LOCAL-00002" summary="pre-module refactor">
+      <option name="closed" value="true" />
+      <created>1773536678416</created>
+      <option name="number" value="00002" />
+      <option name="presentableId" value="LOCAL-00002" />
+      <option name="project" value="LOCAL" />
+      <updated>1773536678416</updated>
+    </task>
+    <option name="localTasksCounter" value="3" />
+    <servers />
+  </component>
+  <component name="TypeScriptGeneratedFilesManager">
+    <option name="version" value="3" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="Vcs.Log.Tabs.Properties">
+    <option name="TAB_STATES">
+      <map>
+        <entry key="MAIN">
+          <value>
+            <State />
+          </value>
+        </entry>
+      </map>
+    </option>
+  </component>
+  <component name="VcsManagerConfiguration">
+    <MESSAGE value="Initial" />
+    <MESSAGE value="pre-module refactor" />
+    <option name="LAST_COMMIT_MESSAGE" value="pre-module refactor" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="XSLT-Support.FileAssociations.UIState">
+    <expand />
+    <select />
+  </component>
+  <component name="github-copilot-workspace">
+    <instructionFileLocations>
+      <option value=".github/instructions" />
+    </instructionFileLocations>
+    <promptFileLocations>
+      <option value=".github/prompts" />
+    </promptFileLocations>
+  </component>
+</project>

CLAUDE.md

@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-# CLAUDE.md
-
-This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with code in this repository.
-
-## Build & Run Commands
-
-```bash
-# Build the project
-mvn compile
-
-# Package (JAR)
-mvn package
-
-# Run (entry point is dev.relism.Main)
-mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="dev.relism.Main"
-
-# Clean build artifacts
-mvn clean
-
-# Full clean build
-mvn clean package
-```
-
-No tests exist yet. The project resolves the `fpr-core` dependency from a private Reposilite repository at `https://maven.relism.dev/releases`.
-
-## Architecture Overview
-
-**Flash** is a hand-rolled, zero-allocation HTTP/1.1 server built on raw Java sockets with virtual threads (Java 21). The central design goal is extreme low latency — no intermediate String allocations on the hot path.
-
-### Request Lifecycle
-
-```
-Socket → RequestParser → GlobalRouter → AbstractRouter impl → RequestHandler → Response bytes → Socket
-```
-
-1. **`RequestParser`** — Reads raw bytes from the socket into an 8 KB buffer and scans for method, path, headers, and body without creating intermediate String objects. All parsed values are wrapped in `ByteView` implementations (see `FastPathViews`).
-
-2. **`GlobalRouter`** — The top-level dispatcher. Holds a sorted list of mounted sub-routers (longest namespace prefix first) and a default internal router. Dispatches each request via byte-level prefix matching (`ByteUtils.startsWith`).
-
-3. **`FastPathRouterImpl`** — The primary router implementation, backed by the external `fpr-core` library. Builds a compiled state machine (`RouterBuilder → FastPathRouter`) for ultra-fast byte-level method+path matching. Routes are marked dirty (`router = null`) when added and lazily recompiled on first request. Thread-local `MatchResult` objects avoid per-request allocation.
-
-4. **`RadixPathRouterImpl`** — Stub; not yet implemented.
-
-### Key Abstractions
-
-- **`AbstractRouter`** — Base class for all routers. Has a `namespace` (byte array for zero-alloc prefix checks) and two abstract methods: `route(Request)` and `addRoute(HttpMethod, String, RequestHandler)`.
-- **`RequestHandler`** — Abstract class handlers extend. The `handle(Request, Response)` method returns either a `Response` object or any other value (serialized as the body) or `null`.
-- **`SimpleHandler`** — Wraps a `FunctionalHandler` lambda for the fluent DSL (`server.get(path, handler)`).
-- **`@Route` annotation** — Applied to `RequestHandler` subclasses to declare their HTTP method and path. Used by `AbstractRouter.register()`.
-- **`ByteView`** (`fpr-core` interface) — Zero-copy abstraction over byte sequences. Implemented by `RequestByteView` (slice into the raw buffer), `MethodPathByteView` (virtual concatenation of method + path), `SocketByteView`, and `StringByteView` — all in `FastPathViews`.
-
-### Routing Registration (Two Styles)
-
-**Annotation-based (class handlers):**
-```java
-@Route(method = "GET", path = "/profile")
-public static class ProfileHandler extends RequestHandler { ... }
-
-apiRouter.register(new ProfileHandler()); // namespace "/api" + path "/profile" = "/api/profile"
-```
-
-**Fluent DSL (lambdas):**
-```java
-server.get("/hello", (req, res) -> "Hello World");
-```
-
-Paths registered via `addRoute` are prefixed with the router's namespace inside `FastPathRouterImpl.addRoute`.
-
-### Response Writing
-
-`HttpServer` writes HTTP/1.1 responses with pre-calculated static byte arrays (`HTTP_1_1`, `CRLF`, `CONTENT_TYPE`, `CONTENT_LENGTH`) to avoid per-response allocations. `IoUtils.writeInt` writes integer values without String conversion.
-
-### Performance Invariants to Maintain
-
-- No `String` creation on the routing hot path (use `ByteView` and byte arrays).
-- Thread-local `MatchResult` reuse in `FastPathRouterContext` — do not allocate per request.
-- `GlobalRouter.route` must stay allocation-free (sorted list iterated directly).
-- `RequestParser` assumes headers fit in one 8 KB burst read.

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Flash Benchmarking Module
+
+This module is designed for high-concurrency benchmarks using `wrk`.
+
+## Prerequisite
+- Java 21+
+- `wrk` installed (`sudo apt install wrk` on Linux/WSL)
+
+## Running the benchmarks
+
+1. **Build the project** (from the root directory):
+   ```bash
+   mvn clean package -DskipTests
+   ```
+
+2. **Start the benchmark server**:
+   ```bash
+   java -jar flash-bench/target/flash-bench-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
+   ```
+
+3. **Execute the benchmark suite** (from a new terminal):
+   ```bash
+   cd flash-bench
+   ./benchmark.sh
+   ```
+
+### Advanced: Random IDs Benchmarking
+To test the speed of parameter extraction across millions of unique IDs:
+```bash
+wrk -t12 -c500 -d30s -s pipeline.lua http://127.0.0.1:8080
+```

flash-bench/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+        <artifactId>flash-parent</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <artifactId>flash-bench</artifactId>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+    <properties>
+        <jmh.version>1.37</jmh.version>
+    </properties>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+            <artifactId>flash</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
+            <version>${jmh.version}</version>
+            <scope>provided</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
+            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <configuration>
+                    <annotationProcessorPaths>
+                        <path>
+                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
+                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
+                            <version>${lombok.version}</version>
+                        </path>
+                        <path>
+                            <groupId>org.openjdk.jmh</groupId>
+                            <artifactId>jmh-generator-annprocess</artifactId>
+                            <version>${jmh.version}</version>
+                        </path>
+                    </annotationProcessorPaths>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>3.5.3</version>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <phase>package</phase>
+                        <goals><goal>shade</goal></goals>
+                        <configuration>
+                            <createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>
+                            <filters>
+                                <filter>
+                                    <artifact>*:*</artifact>
+                                    <excludes>
+                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
+                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
+                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
+                                    </excludes>
+                                </filter>
+                            </filters>
+                            <transformers>
+                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
+                                    <mainClass>dev.relism.bench.Main</mainClass>
+                                </transformer>
+                                <!-- Required by JMH to merge service-loader files -->
+                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
+                            </transformers>
+                        </configuration>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+</project>

flash-bench/src/main/java/dev/relism/bench/Main.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package dev.relism.bench;
+
+import org.openjdk.jmh.results.format.ResultFormatType;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.Runner;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.Options;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.runner.options.OptionsBuilder;
+
+public class Main {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        if (args.length > 0 && args[0].equalsIgnoreCase("external")) {
+            ExternalBenchmark.main(args);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        System.out.println("Starting JMH Benchmarks... (Pass 'external' as arg to start standalone server)");
+        Options opts = new OptionsBuilder()
+                .include(FlashBenchmark.class.getSimpleName())
+                .resultFormat(ResultFormatType.TEXT)
+                .build();
+
+        new Runner(opts).run();
+    }
+}

flash-bench/src/main/resources/simplelogger.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Silence all logs during benchmarks to avoid I/O becoming the bottleneck
+org.slf4j.simpleLogger.defaultLogLevel=off

flash/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+        <artifactId>flash-parent</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <artifactId>flash</artifactId>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+            <artifactId>fpr-core</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
+            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+</project>

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/HttpServer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+package dev.relism;
+
+import dev.relism.fpr.core.ByteView;
+import dev.relism.http.ContentType;
+import dev.relism.http.HttpStatus;
+import dev.relism.models.*;
+import dev.relism.routing.AbstractRouter;
+import dev.relism.routing.GlobalRouter;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+/**
+ * Entry point for the Flash HTTP server.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Internally, the server owns a {@link GlobalRouter} with two tiers of routing:
+ * <ol>
+ * <li><b>Mounted sub-routers</b> — registered via {@link #mount}. Each owns a
+ * namespace
+ * prefix (e.g. {@code /api}) and handles all paths under it. Matched by longest
+ * prefix first.</li>
+ * <li><b>Internal router</b> — the fallback used when no sub-router claims the
+ * path.
+ * Routes registered directly on the server ({@link #get}, {@link #post}, etc.)
+ * go here.</li>
+ * </ol>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Error handlers ({@link #onNotFound}, {@link #onException}) registered on the
+ * server
+ * apply only to the internal router. Each mounted sub-router has its own
+ * independent handlers.
+ */
+@Slf4j
+public class HttpServer {
+    private final HttpServerConfiguration configuration;
+    private final ServerSocket serverSocket;
+    private final GlobalRouter globalRouter = new GlobalRouter();
+    private final ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor();
+    private volatile boolean stopped = false;
+    private final CompletableFuture<Void> readyFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+    private static final byte[] HTTP_1_1 = "HTTP/1.1 ".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    private static final byte[] CRLF = "\r\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    private static final byte[] CONTENT_TYPE = "Content-Type: ".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    private static final byte[] CONTENT_LENGTH = "Content-Length: ".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    private static final byte[] CONNECTION_CLOSE = "Connection: close\r\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    private static final byte[] CONNECTION_KEEPALIVE = "Connection: keep-alive\r\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+
+    private static final byte[] UNKNOWN_STATUS_SUFFIX = " Unknown".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+
+    private static final byte[][] DIGITS = new byte[10][1];
+    static {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+            DIGITS[i] = String.valueOf(i).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    }
+
+    public HttpServer(HttpServerConfiguration configuration) throws IOException {
+        this.configuration = configuration;
+        this.serverSocket = new ServerSocket(configuration.getPort());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts the server on a new non-daemon virtual thread and returns a future
+     * that completes
+     * when the accept loop is running and the server is ready to serve requests.
+     */
+    public CompletableFuture<Void> start() {
+        Thread.ofPlatform().name("flash-accept-loop").daemon(false).start(this::run);
+        return readyFuture;
+    }
+
+    private void run() {
+        try (executorService) {
+            readyFuture.complete(null);
+            while (!stopped) {
+                Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
+                process(clientSocket);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            if (!stopped) {
+                readyFuture.completeExceptionally(e);
+                log.error("Accept loop error", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stops the server and waits for in-flight requests to complete.
+     * The returned future is already completed when this method returns.
+     */
+    public CompletableFuture<Void> stop() {
+        stopped = true;
+        try {
+            serverSocket.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            log.error("Error closing server socket", e);
+        }
+        executorService.shutdown();
+        try {
+            if (!executorService.awaitTermination(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS))
+                executorService.shutdownNow();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            executorService.shutdownNow();
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+        }
+        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);
+    }
+
+    // --- Routing ---
+
+    /**
+     * Mounts a sub-router under the given namespace prefix.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * Any request whose path starts with {@code namespace} will be dispatched to
+     * {@code router}
+     * instead of the internal router. When multiple namespaces match, the longest
+     * prefix wins.
+     * The router's own {@code onNotFound} and {@code onException} handlers are used
+     * for its paths —
+     * the server-level handlers do not apply.
+     *
+     * @throws dev.relism.exceptions.DuplicateNamespaceException if
+     *                                                           {@code namespace}
+     *                                                           is already mounted
+     */
+    public HttpServer mount(String namespace, AbstractRouter router) {
+        globalRouter.mount(namespace, router);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    // --- Global error handlers ---
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the 404 handler for routes registered directly on this server.
+     * Does not affect mounted sub-routers, which each carry their own not-found
+     * handler.
+     */
+    public HttpServer onNotFound(SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler handler) {
+        globalRouter.onNotFound(handler);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the exception handler for routes registered directly on this server.
+     * Does not affect mounted sub-routers, which each carry their own exception
+     * handler.
+     */
+    public HttpServer onException(AbstractRouter.ExceptionHandler handler) {
+        globalRouter.onException(handler);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    // --- DSL ---
+
+    /**
+     * Registers an annotation-based handler on the internal router.
+     * The handler's class must carry a {@link dev.relism.routing.Route @Route}
+     * annotation
+     * declaring the HTTP method and path. To register on a specific sub-router,
+     * call
+     * {@link AbstractRouter#register} on that router directly.
+     */
+    public HttpServer register(RequestHandler handler) {
+        globalRouter.register(handler);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a route on the internal router (not on any mounted sub-router).
+     * The handler's return value is used as the response body; returning a
+     * {@link dev.relism.models.Response}
+     * instance replaces the entire response object.
+     */
+    public HttpServer get(String path, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler h) {
+        globalRouter.get(path, h);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** @see #get(String, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler) */
+    public HttpServer post(String path, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler h) {
+        globalRouter.post(path, h);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** @see #get(String, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler) */
+    public HttpServer put(String path, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler h) {
+        globalRouter.put(path, h);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** @see #get(String, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler) */
+    public HttpServer delete(String path, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler h) {
+        globalRouter.delete(path, h);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    // --- Request processing ---
+
+    private void process(Socket socket) {
+        executorService.submit(() -> {
+            try (socket;
+                    InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
+                    OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream())) {
+                while (!stopped) {
+                    Request request = RequestParser.parse(in);
+                    if (request == null)
+                        break;
+
+                    boolean keepAlive = isKeepAlive(request);
+
+                    Response response = new Response(200, new byte[0], ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
+                    RequestHandler handler = globalRouter.route(request);
+
+                    try {
+                        Object result = handler.handle(request, response);
+                        if (result instanceof Response r)
+                            response = r;
+                        else if (result != null)
+                            response.setBody(result);
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        Object result = globalRouter.resolveExceptionHandler(request).handle(ex, request, response);
+                        if (result instanceof Response r)
+                            response = r;
+                        else if (result != null)
+                            response.setBody(result);
+                    }
+
+                    // Drain any unread body bytes so the stream is positioned at the next request.
+                    request.getBody();
+
+                    out.write(HTTP_1_1);
+                    writeStatusPhrase(out, response.getStatusCode());
+                    out.write(CRLF);
+                    out.write(CONTENT_TYPE);
+                    out.write(response.getContentType());
+                    out.write(CRLF);
+                    out.write(CONTENT_LENGTH);
+                    writeInt(out, response.getBody() != null ? response.getBody().length : 0);
+                    out.write(CRLF);
+                    out.write(keepAlive ? CONNECTION_KEEPALIVE : CONNECTION_CLOSE);
+                    out.write(CRLF);
+                    if (response.getBody() != null)
+                        out.write(response.getBody());
+                    out.flush();
+
+                    if (!keepAlive)
+                        break;
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (!stopped)
+                    log.error("I/O error handling request", e);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the connection should be kept alive after this request.
+     * HTTP/1.1 default: keep-alive. HTTP/1.0 default: close.
+     * Explicit {@code Connection} header overrides the default.
+     */
+    private static boolean isKeepAlive(Request request) {
+        String connection = request.getHeader("Connection");
+        if (connection != null) {
+            return !"close".equalsIgnoreCase(connection);
+        }
+        // Detect HTTP version from last byte of protocol field: "HTTP/1.1" → '1',
+        // "HTTP/1.0" → '0'
+        ByteView protocol = request.getRequestLine().getProtocol();
+        return protocol.length() == 8 && protocol.byteAt(7) == '1';
+    }
+
+    private static void writeStatusPhrase(OutputStream out, int statusCode) throws IOException {
+        byte[] phrase = HttpStatus.bytesForCode(statusCode);
+        if (phrase != null) {
+            out.write(phrase);
+        } else {
+            writeInt(out, statusCode);
+            out.write(UNKNOWN_STATUS_SUFFIX);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void writeInt(OutputStream out, int value) throws IOException {
+        if (value == 0) {
+            out.write(DIGITS[0]);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (value < 0) {
+            out.write('-');
+            value = -value;
+        }
+        int divisor = 1;
+        while (value / divisor >= 10)
+            divisor *= 10;
+        while (divisor > 0) {
+            out.write(DIGITS[(value / divisor) % 10]);
+            divisor /= 10;
+        }
+    }
+}

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/Main.java

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ public class Main {
             throw new RuntimeException(req.getQueryParam("test"));
         });
 
+
+
         server.start().thenRun(() -> log.info("Server started on port: " + PORT));
     }
 }

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/RequestParser.java

@@ -41,9 +41,6 @@ public class RequestParser {
             throw new IOException("Headers too large: buffer exhausted without finding \\r\\n\\r\\n");
         }
 
-        // Timer starts here — after I/O, measuring only CPU parse time
-        long start = System.nanoTime();
-
         // 2. Scan Request Line: METHOD PATH PROTOCOL
         int methodEnd = find(buffer, 0, headerEndIdx, (byte) ' ');
         if (methodEnd == -1) throw new IOException("Invalid request line (method)");
@@ -93,9 +90,6 @@ public class RequestParser {
             current = lineEnd + 2; // skip \r\n
         }
 
-        long elapsed = System.nanoTime() - start;
-        log.debug("Request parsed in {}ns: {} {} {}", elapsed, method, pathView, protocolView);
-
         // Body is read lazily — only materialized if the handler calls req.getBody().
         // Bytes already in the buffer past \r\n\r\n are handed off to LazyBody as read-ahead.
         int bodyStart = headerEndIdx + 4;

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/http/HttpStatus.java

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 package dev.relism.http;
 
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
- * Pre-compiled byte representations of standard HTTP status lines (e.g. {@code "200 OK"}).
+ * Pre-compiled byte representations of standard HTTP status lines.
- * {@link #bytesForCode(int)} returns the cached array for known codes, {@code null} otherwise.
+ * Uses a direct-access array for O(1) lookup with zero allocation.
  */
 public enum HttpStatus {
 
@@ -51,21 +49,30 @@ public enum HttpStatus {
     SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE             (503, "Service Unavailable"),
     GATEWAY_TIMEOUT                 (504, "Gateway Timeout");
 
+    private static final int MAX_STATUS_CODE = 504;
+    private static final byte[][] INDEX = new byte[MAX_STATUS_CODE + 1][];
+
+    static {
+        for (HttpStatus s : values()) {
+            INDEX[s.code] = s.bytes;
+        }
+    }
+
     private final int code;
     private final byte[] bytes;
 
-    private static final Map<Integer, byte[]> INDEX = new HashMap<>();
-    static {
-        for (HttpStatus s : values()) INDEX.put(s.code, s.bytes);
-    }
-
     HttpStatus(int code, String reason) {
         this.code  = code;
         this.bytes = (code + " " + reason).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
     }
 
-    /** Returns pre-compiled {@code "CODE Reason"} bytes for the given code, or {@code null} if unknown. */
+    /** * Returns pre-compiled status bytes for the given code.
+     * Access is O(1) and generates zero garbage.
+     */
     public static byte[] bytesForCode(int code) {
-        return INDEX.get(code);
+        if (code >= 0 && code <= MAX_STATUS_CODE) {
+            return INDEX[code];
+        }
+        return null;
     }
 }

pom.xml

@@ -5,14 +5,21 @@
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
     <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
-    <artifactId>Flash</artifactId>
+    <artifactId>flash-parent</artifactId>
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <packaging>pom</packaging>
+
+    <modules>
+        <module>flash</module>
+        <module>flash-bench</module>
+    </modules>
 
     <properties>
         <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
         <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+        <lombok.version>1.18.44</lombok.version>
+        <slf4j.version>2.0.16</slf4j.version>
     </properties>
 
     <repositories>
@@ -23,46 +30,46 @@
         </repository>
     </repositories>
 
+    <dependencyManagement>
         <dependencies>
             <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+                <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
-            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+                <artifactId>flash</artifactId>
-            <version>5.11.0</version>
+                <version>${project.version}</version>
-            <scope>test</scope>
-        </dependency>
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
-            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
-            <version>1.18.44</version>
-            <scope>provided</scope>
             </dependency>
             <dependency>
                 <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
                 <artifactId>fpr-core</artifactId>
                 <version>1.1.0</version>
             </dependency>
-        <!-- Logging facade — always on classpath; users provide their own SLF4J binding -->
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
-            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
-            <version>2.0.16</version>
-        </dependency>
-        <!-- Dev-only binding (simple stdout); excluded from any distributed artifact -->
-        <dependency>
-            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
-            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
-            <version>2.0.16</version>
-            <scope>runtime</scope>
-        </dependency>
             <dependency>
                 <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                 <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
-            <version>1.18.42</version>
+                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                 <scope>provided</scope>
             </dependency>
+            <dependency>
+                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
+                <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
+                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
+            </dependency>
+            <dependency>
+                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
+                <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
+                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
+                <scope>runtime</scope>
+            </dependency>
+            <dependency>
+                <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+                <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+                <version>5.11.0</version>
+                <scope>test</scope>
+            </dependency>
         </dependencies>
+    </dependencyManagement>
 
     <build>
+        <pluginManagement>
             <plugins>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
@@ -77,12 +84,13 @@
                             <path>
                                 <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                                 <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
-                            <version>1.18.44</version>
+                                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                             </path>
                         </annotationProcessorPaths>
                     </configuration>
                 </plugin>
             </plugins>
+        </pluginManagement>
     </build>
 
 </project>

src/main/java/dev/relism/HttpServer.java

@@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
-package dev.relism;
-
-import dev.relism.http.ContentType;
-import dev.relism.http.HttpStatus;
-import dev.relism.models.*;
-import dev.relism.routing.AbstractRouter;
-import dev.relism.routing.GlobalRouter;
-
-import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
-
-import java.io.*;
-import java.net.ServerSocket;
-import java.net.Socket;
-import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
-/**
- * Entry point for the Flash HTTP server.
- *
- * <p>Internally, the server owns a {@link GlobalRouter} with two tiers of routing:
- * <ol>
- *   <li><b>Mounted sub-routers</b> — registered via {@link #mount}. Each owns a namespace
- *       prefix (e.g. {@code /api}) and handles all paths under it. Matched by longest prefix first.</li>
- *   <li><b>Internal router</b> — the fallback used when no sub-router claims the path.
- *       Routes registered directly on the server ({@link #get}, {@link #post}, etc.) go here.</li>
- * </ol>
- *
- * <p>Error handlers ({@link #onNotFound}, {@link #onException}) registered on the server
- * apply only to the internal router. Each mounted sub-router has its own independent handlers.
- */
-@Slf4j
-public class HttpServer {
-    private final HttpServerConfiguration configuration;
-    private final ServerSocket serverSocket;
-    private final GlobalRouter globalRouter = new GlobalRouter();
-    private final ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor();
-    private volatile boolean             stopped     = false;
-    private final CompletableFuture<Void> readyFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
-
-    private static final byte[] HTTP_1_1        = "HTTP/1.1 ".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-    private static final byte[] CRLF            = "\r\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-    private static final byte[] CONTENT_TYPE    = "Content-Type: ".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-    private static final byte[] CONTENT_LENGTH  = "Content-Length: ".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-    private static final byte[] CONNECTION_CLOSE = "Connection: close\r\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-
-    private static final byte[] UNKNOWN_STATUS_SUFFIX = " Unknown".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-
-    private static final byte[][] DIGITS = new byte[10][1];
-    static {
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) DIGITS[i] = String.valueOf(i).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-    }
-
-    public HttpServer(HttpServerConfiguration configuration) throws IOException {
-        this.configuration = configuration;
-        this.serverSocket = new ServerSocket(configuration.getPort());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Starts the server on a new non-daemon virtual thread and returns a future that completes
-     * when the accept loop is running and the server is ready to serve requests.
-     */
-    public CompletableFuture<Void> start() {
-        Thread.ofPlatform().name("flash-accept-loop").daemon(false).start(this::run);
-        return readyFuture;
-    }
-
-    private void run() {
-        try (executorService) {
-            readyFuture.complete(null);
-            while (!stopped) {
-                Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
-                process(clientSocket);
-            }
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            if (!stopped) {
-                readyFuture.completeExceptionally(e);
-                log.error("Accept loop error", e);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Stops the server and waits for in-flight requests to complete.
-     * The returned future is already completed when this method returns.
-     */
-    public CompletableFuture<Void> stop() {
-        stopped = true;
-        try { serverSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { log.error("Error closing server socket", e); }
-        executorService.shutdown();
-        try {
-            if (!executorService.awaitTermination(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) executorService.shutdownNow();
-        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-            executorService.shutdownNow();
-            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-        }
-        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);
-    }
-
-    // --- Routing ---
-
-    /**
-     * Mounts a sub-router under the given namespace prefix.
-     *
-     * <p>Any request whose path starts with {@code namespace} will be dispatched to {@code router}
-     * instead of the internal router. When multiple namespaces match, the longest prefix wins.
-     * The router's own {@code onNotFound} and {@code onException} handlers are used for its paths —
-     * the server-level handlers do not apply.
-     *
-     * @throws dev.relism.exceptions.DuplicateNamespaceException if {@code namespace} is already mounted
-     */
-    public HttpServer mount(String namespace, AbstractRouter router) {
-        globalRouter.mount(namespace, router);
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    // --- Global error handlers ---
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the 404 handler for routes registered directly on this server.
-     * Does not affect mounted sub-routers, which each carry their own not-found handler.
-     */
-    public HttpServer onNotFound(SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler handler) {
-        globalRouter.onNotFound(handler);
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the exception handler for routes registered directly on this server.
-     * Does not affect mounted sub-routers, which each carry their own exception handler.
-     */
-    public HttpServer onException(AbstractRouter.ExceptionHandler handler) {
-        globalRouter.onException(handler);
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    // --- DSL ---
-
-    /**
-     * Registers an annotation-based handler on the internal router.
-     * The handler's class must carry a {@link dev.relism.routing.Route @Route} annotation
-     * declaring the HTTP method and path. To register on a specific sub-router, call
-     * {@link AbstractRouter#register} on that router directly.
-     */
-    public HttpServer register(RequestHandler handler) { globalRouter.register(handler); return this; }
-
-    /**
-     * Registers a route on the internal router (not on any mounted sub-router).
-     * The handler's return value is used as the response body; returning a {@link dev.relism.models.Response}
-     * instance replaces the entire response object.
-     */
-    public HttpServer get(String path, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler h)    { globalRouter.get(path, h);    return this; }
-    /** @see #get(String, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler) */
-    public HttpServer post(String path, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler h)   { globalRouter.post(path, h);   return this; }
-    /** @see #get(String, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler) */
-    public HttpServer put(String path, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler h)    { globalRouter.put(path, h);    return this; }
-    /** @see #get(String, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler) */
-    public HttpServer delete(String path, SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler h) { globalRouter.delete(path, h); return this; }
-
-    // --- Request processing ---
-
-    private void process(Socket socket) {
-        executorService.submit(() -> {
-            try (socket;
-                 InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
-                 OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream())
-            ) {
-                long start = System.nanoTime();
-                Request request = RequestParser.parse(in);
-                if (request == null) return;
-
-                Response response = new Response(200, new byte[0], ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
-                RequestHandler handler = globalRouter.route(request);
-
-                try {
-                    Object result = handler.handle(request, response);
-                    if (result instanceof Response r) response = r;
-                    else if (result != null) response.setBody(result);
-                } catch (Exception ex) {
-                    Object result = globalRouter.resolveExceptionHandler(request).handle(ex, request, response);
-                    if (result instanceof Response r) response = r;
-                    else if (result != null) response.setBody(result);
-                }
-
-                out.write(HTTP_1_1);
-                writeStatusPhrase(out, response.getStatusCode());
-                out.write(CRLF);
-                out.write(CONTENT_TYPE);
-                out.write(response.getContentType());
-                out.write(CRLF);
-                out.write(CONTENT_LENGTH);
-                writeInt(out, response.getBody() != null ? response.getBody().length : 0);
-                out.write(CRLF);
-                out.write(CONNECTION_CLOSE);
-                out.write(CRLF);
-                if (response.getBody() != null) out.write(response.getBody());
-                out.flush();
-                log.info("{} ms: {}", (System.nanoTime() - start) / 1_000_000.0, request.getRequestLine());
-
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                log.error("I/O error handling request", e);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    private static void writeStatusPhrase(OutputStream out, int statusCode) throws IOException {
-        byte[] phrase = HttpStatus.bytesForCode(statusCode);
-        if (phrase != null) {
-            out.write(phrase);
-        } else {
-            writeInt(out, statusCode);
-            out.write(UNKNOWN_STATUS_SUFFIX);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    private static void writeInt(OutputStream out, int value) throws IOException {
-        if (value == 0) { out.write(DIGITS[0]); return; }
-        if (value < 0)  { out.write('-'); value = -value; }
-        int divisor = 1;
-        while (value / divisor >= 10) divisor *= 10;
-        while (divisor > 0) { out.write(DIGITS[(value / divisor) % 10]); divisor /= 10; }
-    }
-}