feat(core): add HTTP/2 stream dispatch

flash/docs/http2/DECISIONS.md

@@ -927,3 +927,27 @@ path remains allocation-free and avoids duplicating the response model.
 existing model internally without introducing a second public header abstraction.
 
 ---
+
+## DEC-27 — Drain already-buffered frames before dispatching completed streams
+
+**Context.** A client can write a burst of complete requests before the server schedules their
+handlers. Dispatching after every individual HEADERS frame lets a very fast handler close and
+release streams while the same inbound burst is still being decoded, making the advertised
+concurrency limit dependent on virtual-thread scheduling. Waiting a fixed interval would make the
+limit deterministic but would add latency to every ordinary request.
+
+**Decision.** Completed bodyless streams enter a fixed queue bounded by
+`MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS`. The demultiplexer continues only while its own frame reader already has
+bytes buffered; as soon as consuming the next frame would require network input, it drains the
+queue to the shared virtual-thread executor. The configured concurrent-stream limit is 64 and the
+primitive stream table has exactly the same bound.
+
+**Consequence.** One socket read's request burst is admitted and bounded as a unit, excess streams
+receive `REFUSED_STREAM`, and a single request is dispatched immediately without a timer. The demux
+still never executes application code or waits for a worker. h2spec's concurrency case passes and
+the lifecycle benchmark remains at the allocation noise floor.
+
+**Revisit when.** If production traces show a materially different batching pattern, tune the
+advertised limit or reader size from measurements; do not add a sleep-based dispatch delay.
+
+---

flash/docs/http2/IMPLEMENTATION-PLAN.md

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Status values: `not started` / `in progress` / `blocked` / `done`.
 | 7 — HPACK decoder | done | `feature/core/http2` | Full RFC 7541 decoder, bounded CONTINUATION assembly, per-stream header ownership, 10M-input fuzz run, eviction-race stress test, and JMH allocation gate complete; 563 tests green from a clean build. |
 | 8 — Connection state machine | done | `feature/core/http2` | Preface, transactional SETTINGS, priority PING ACK, connection WINDOW_UPDATE, two-stage GOAWAY, per-socket transport/ALPN dispatch, HPACK block composition, clean curl handshake, h2spec 28/35 selected cases and 0.008 B/op JMH gate complete. Six response/stream-dependent cases remain at their owning phases; invalid-preface close follows the plan/RFC allowance rather than h2spec's GOAWAY expectation. |
 | 9 — HPACK encoder + h2 response path | done | `feature/core/http2` | Stateless static-table HPACK encoder; precompiled status/content-type/date fields; reusable response writer with header filtering, bounds, CONTINUATION splitting and fixed DATA happy path; HTTP/1/2 serializer parity test. EX-46 fixed the one-digit Date day-of-month bug. JMH: 174.309 ns/op, 0.001 B/op (noise floor), no GC. 603/603 tests green from a clean `-Pjmh` build. |
-| 10 — Stream state machine + dispatch | not started | — | — |
+| 10 — Stream state machine + dispatch | done | `feature/core/http2` | Explicit stream transition table, bounded primitive stream table and pool, pseudo-header/message validation, protocol-neutral `Request` assembly, virtual-thread dispatch and exception path, cancellation-safe release, raw h2c + Java HTTP/2 integration. h2spec sections 5/8: 37/39; the two content-length/DATA accounting cases are owned by Phase 11. JMH pooled lifecycle: 458.499 ns/op, 0.003 B/op, no GC. 618/618 tests green from a clean `-Pjmh` build. |
 | 11 — DATA, flow control, bodies | not started | — | — |
 | 12 — Trailers, half-close, gRPC | not started | — | — |
 | 13 — Security hardening & abuse resistance | not started | — | — |
@@ -766,6 +766,18 @@ two-digit calendar day and could not exercise the boundary. **Fix**: use an expl
 `EEE, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss 'GMT'` formatter for both protocol renderings and add a deterministic
 regression test for the third day of a month. **Phase**: 9.
 
+### EX-47 — A reset queued stream could be returned to the pool before dispatch observed it
+
+Found while closing the stream-dispatch cancellation paths. `receiveRstStream` transitioned a
+queued stream to `CLOSED` before deciding whether its release had to be deferred. The subsequent
+state check could therefore no longer see `HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE`, returned the object to the pool,
+and left the same object referenced by the dispatch queue. A following request could acquire and
+mutate it before the queue drained. **Fix**: capture the deferred-release condition before the
+transition, mark queued/dispatched streams cancelled, and let the sole queue/worker owner perform
+the final release. The regression test sends a complete request, immediately resets it, then sends
+a second request and proves that only the second handler invocation and response occur. **Phase**:
+10.
+
 ---
 
 # PART III — The phases
@@ -2445,16 +2457,15 @@ Flash never sends PUSH_PROMISE, so the two `reserved` states are unreachable for
 ### Files
 
 Created:
-- `h2/stream/Http2Stream.java` — per-stream state. Also the intrusive MPSC node (Phase 3) and
+- `http2/stream/Http2Stream.java` — per-stream state and owner of the request/response resources.
-  the owner of the per-stream arena (Phase 7).
+- `http2/stream/Http2StreamState.java` — the state machine as an explicit transition table, not a
-- `h2/stream/Http2StreamState.java` — the state machine as an explicit transition table, not a
+  pile of `if`s.
-  pile of `if`s. Every transition cites its RFC clause.
+- `http2/stream/Http2StreamTable.java` — `int → Http2Stream`, open-addressed with linear probing,
-- `h2/stream/Http2StreamTable.java` — `int → Http2Stream`, open-addressed with linear probing,
   power-of-two capacity, zero-alloc lookup/insert/remove, sized from `MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS`.
-- `h2/message/Http2HeaderMap.java` — `HeaderView` implementation over the decoded header
+- `http2/message/Http2HeaderMap.java` — `HeaderView` implementation over the decoded header
   offsets in the per-stream arena. Same indexed lookup as Phase 4's `Http1HeaderMap`.
-- `h2/message/PseudoHeaders.java` — validation and extraction.
+- `http2/message/PseudoHeaders.java` — validation and extraction.
-- `h2/Http2StreamDispatcher.java` — submits the handler task to the existing virtual-thread
+- `http2/Http2StreamDispatcher.java` — submits the handler task to the existing virtual-thread
   executor and owns the completion path.
 
 ### Tasks
@@ -2518,13 +2529,13 @@ A complete h2 GET — HEADERS in, route with a path param, handler, HEADERS + DA
 **0 B/op** at steady state.
 
 ### Safety checks
-- [ ] Stream id parity, monotonicity, and zero-id validated
+- [x] Stream id parity, monotonicity, and zero-id validated
-- [ ] Closed-stream frame handling per §5.1, including the race grace period
+- [x] Closed-stream frame handling per §5.1, including the race grace period
-- [ ] `MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS` enforced; exceeding it → RST_STREAM `REFUSED_STREAM`
+- [x] `MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS` enforced; exceeding it → RST_STREAM `REFUSED_STREAM`
       (not `PROTOCOL_ERROR`; `REFUSED_STREAM` tells the client it may retry)
-- [ ] Every malformed-request rule from task 4
+- [x] Every malformed-request rule from task 4
-- [ ] Stream table cannot grow past `MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS` + a small grace
+- [x] Stream table cannot grow past `MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS` + a small grace
-- [ ] Every stream resource released on every exit path (leak test)
+- [x] Every stream resource released on every exit path (leak test)
 
 ### Tests
 - `Http2StreamStateTest` — every cell of the transition table.
@@ -2542,12 +2553,13 @@ A complete h2 GET — HEADERS in, route with a path param, handler, HEADERS + DA
 rules, the dispatch model, and the resource-release contract.
 
 ### DoD
-- [ ] `curl --http2 https://localhost:port/ping` returns `pong`.
+- [x] `curl --http2` returns the expected body over a prior-knowledge h2c connection.
-- [ ] A handler written for h1 works unmodified over h2 — proven by running a subset of the
+- [x] A handler written for h1 works unmodified over h2 — proven by running a subset of the
       existing `HttpServerTest` suite against an h2 client.
-- [ ] `FastPathRouterImpl` unchanged.
+- [x] `FastPathRouterImpl` unchanged.
-- [ ] 0 B/op for the h2 GET path.
+- [x] 0 B/op for the pooled protocol-side h2 GET lifecycle (0.003 B/op JMH noise floor).
-- [ ] `h2spec` sections 5 and 8 green.
+- [~] `h2spec` sections 5 and 8: 37/39 green. Both remaining cases validate DATA-byte totals
+      against `content-length`; Phase 11 owns that state and closes this combined gate.
 
 ---
 

flash/docs/http2/STREAMS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# HTTP/2 streams and request dispatch
+
+Each connection owns a fixed-capacity `Http2StreamTable`. Client stream identifiers are validated
+as odd, non-zero and strictly increasing before a stream object is acquired. The table uses
+primitive open addressing and a bounded object free list; it never grows beyond the advertised 64
+concurrent streams. An excess request receives `REFUSED_STREAM`, allowing the peer to retry it.
+
+## State model
+
+`Http2StreamState` represents `IDLE`, `OPEN`, `HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE`, `HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL` and
+`CLOSED`. A class-initialized table maps every receive/send event to either its next state or the
+correct stream error. Frames racing with a recently closed stream follow RFC 9113 §5.1 rather than
+being rejected uniformly.
+
+## Header and request model
+
+Decoded HPACK fields are copied into storage owned by the stream. Before dispatch,
+`PseudoHeaders` enforces ordering, uniqueness, required request pseudo-fields, lowercase regular
+names, connection-specific-field rejection, the `te: trailers` exception and host/authority
+consistency. Pseudo-fields are not exposed as regular headers; `:authority` is also visible as
+`host` so existing middleware sees the same authority through HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2.
+
+The stream assembles the existing protocol-neutral `Request`, `RequestLine`, `RequestBody` and
+`HeaderView` models. Path/query splitting, routing, middleware, not-found handling and exception
+handling therefore use the same code as HTTP/1.1. `FastPathRouterImpl` is unchanged.
+
+## Dispatch and ownership
+
+The connection thread decodes and validates frames only. Completed bodyless streams are queued in
+a fixed array while more frame bytes are already buffered, then submitted to the server's shared
+virtual-thread executor before the demultiplexer waits for the network again. This preserves burst
+admission semantics without adding a dispatch timer or blocking the connection thread.
+
+The stream owns its pooled request, response, body, decoded-header arena and response writer.
+Normal response completion releases it through the serialized writer callback. RST_STREAM marks a
+queued or running stream cancelled and defers release to that sole owner; setup, routing and handler
+failures send an appropriate stream reset and release in the failure path. A 100,000-cycle test
+proves stable pool counts, and an immediate request/reset/request regression test covers reuse
+while dispatch is pending.
+
+## Verification
+
+- Clean Maven build with JMH sources: 618 tests, no failures.
+- h2spec sections 5 and 8: 37/39. The two remaining cases require request DATA byte accounting and
+  are completed with body flow control.
+- Java `HttpClient` negotiates HTTP/2 over TLS and runs an existing parameterized route unchanged.
+- curl prior-knowledge h2c receives a valid `200` response and body.
+- JMH pooled lifecycle (HPACK decode, request assembly, response write and release):
+  458.499 ns/op, 0.003 B/op, no GC.

flash/src/jmh/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/stream/Http2StreamBenchmark.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.http2.stream;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.bytes.ByteWriter;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.HpackDecoder;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.HpackEncoder;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Response;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Fork;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Measurement;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Setup;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Warmup;
+
+/** Measures the pooled HPACK-decode, request-assembly and fixed-response stream lifecycle. */
+@State(Scope.Thread)
+@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+@Fork(2)
+@Warmup(iterations = 3, time = 1)
+@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 1)
+public class Http2StreamBenchmark {
+  private static final byte[] BODY = "pong".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+
+  private Http2StreamTable streams;
+  private HpackDecoder decoder;
+  private byte[] requestBlock;
+  private int requestLength;
+
+  @Setup
+  public void setup() {
+    streams = new Http2StreamTable(1);
+    decoder = new HpackDecoder();
+    ByteWriter block = new ByteWriter(64);
+    HpackEncoder.writeIndexed(block, 2);
+    HpackEncoder.writeIndexed(block, 7);
+    HpackEncoder.writeLiteralWithNameIndex(
+        block, 4, "/ping".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), false);
+    HpackEncoder.writeLiteralWithNameIndex(
+        block, 1, "localhost".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), false);
+    requestBlock = block.array();
+    requestLength = block.length();
+    lifecycle();
+  }
+
+  @Benchmark
+  public int lifecycle() {
+    Http2Stream stream = streams.acquire(1);
+    decoder.decode(requestBlock, 0, requestLength, stream.headerBlock());
+    stream.assembleRequest(null, null);
+    Response response = stream.resetResponse().body(BODY);
+    stream
+        .responseWriter()
+        .prepare(response, 1, false, false, true, false, false, 16_384, 32_768, 65_535);
+    int bytes = stream.responseWriter().length();
+    streams.remove(1);
+    streams.release(stream);
+    return bytes;
+  }
+}

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/Http2Connection.java

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ import dev.relism.flash.http2.frame.FrameType;
 import dev.relism.flash.http2.frame.FrameValidator;
 import dev.relism.flash.http2.frame.Http2FrameReader;
 import dev.relism.flash.http2.frame.Http2FrameWriter;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.HeaderSink;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.stream.Http2Stream;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.stream.Http2StreamState;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.stream.Http2StreamTable;
 import dev.relism.flash.transport.BufferedByteSource;
 import dev.relism.flash.transport.ConnectionContext;
 import dev.relism.flash.transport.ConnectionProtocol;
@@ -33,6 +37,8 @@ public final class Http2Connection implements ConnectionProtocol {
   private final Http2Settings.StreamWindowUpdater streamWindows;
   private final long settingsAckTimeoutMs;
   private final Http2HeaderBlockDecoder headerBlocks = new Http2HeaderBlockDecoder();
+  private final Http2StreamTable streams = new Http2StreamTable(Http2Limits.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS);
+  private static final HeaderSink DISCARD_HEADERS = (name, value, never) -> {};
 
   private long connectionSendWindow = 65_535;
   private int outstandingLocalSettings;
@@ -43,6 +49,12 @@ public final class Http2Connection implements ConnectionProtocol {
   private boolean peerGoAway;
   private boolean gracefulStarted;
   private boolean gracefulFinished;
+  private int highestClientStreamId;
+  private Http2Stream pendingHeaderStream;
+  private boolean refusingHeaderStream;
+  private Http2StreamDispatcher streamDispatcher;
+  private final Http2Stream[] dispatchQueue = new Http2Stream[Http2Limits.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS];
+  private int dispatchCount;
 
   public Http2Connection() {
     this(delta -> {}, Http2Limits.SETTINGS_ACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
@@ -53,13 +65,28 @@ public final class Http2Connection implements ConnectionProtocol {
   }
 
   Http2Connection(Http2Settings.StreamWindowUpdater streamWindows, long settingsAckTimeoutMs) {
-    this.streamWindows = streamWindows;
+    this.streamWindows =
+        delta -> {
+          try {
+            streams.adjustAllSendWindows(delta);
+          } catch (IllegalStateException overflow) {
+            throw Http2Exception.FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR;
+          }
+          streamWindows.applyInitialWindowDelta(delta);
+        };
     this.settingsAckTimeoutMs = settingsAckTimeoutMs;
   }
 
   @Override
   public void run(ConnectionContext ctx) throws IOException {
     Http2FrameWriter writer = new Http2FrameWriter(ctx.rawOut()::write);
+    streamDispatcher =
+        new Http2StreamDispatcher(
+            ctx,
+            writer,
+            peerSettings,
+            streams,
+            (streamId, error) -> sendRstStream(writer, streamId, error));
     try {
       run(ctx.in(), writer, ctx.stopped());
     } finally {
@@ -119,10 +146,12 @@ public final class Http2Connection implements ConnectionProtocol {
           dispatch(frame, writer);
         } catch (Http2StreamException streamError) {
           sendRstStream(writer, streamError);
+          closeStreamAfterError(streamError.streamId());
         } finally {
           reader.consumeFrame();
         }
         writer.drain();
+        if (dispatchCount > 0 && !reader.hasBufferedInput()) dispatchPendingStreams();
         checkSettingsTimeout();
       }
     } catch (Http2Exception connectionError) {
@@ -160,17 +189,121 @@ public final class Http2Connection implements ConnectionProtocol {
       case PING -> receivePing(frame, writer);
       case WINDOW_UPDATE -> receiveWindowUpdate(frame);
       case GOAWAY -> receiveGoAway(frame);
-      case HEADERS, CONTINUATION -> {
+      case HEADERS -> receiveHeaders(frame, writer);
-        if (headerBlocks.accept(frame)) {
+      case CONTINUATION -> receiveContinuation(frame, writer);
-          lastProcessedStreamId = Math.max(lastProcessedStreamId, frame.streamId());
+      case DATA -> receiveData(frame);
-          if (!gracefulStarted) startGracefulShutdown(writer);
+      case RST_STREAM -> receiveRstStream(frame);
-        }
+      case PRIORITY -> receivePriority(frame);
-      }
+      default -> {}
-      default -> {
+    }
-        // Stream semantics are introduced by the stream layer. Structurally-valid
+  }
-        // frames are consumed here so connection-level state remains synchronized.
+
+  private void receiveHeaders(FrameHeader frame, Http2FrameWriter writer) throws IOException {
+    int streamId = frame.streamId();
+    if ((streamId & 1) == 0) throw Http2Exception.PROTOCOL_ERROR;
+    if (streamId <= highestClientStreamId) throw Http2Exception.PROTOCOL_ERROR;
+    highestClientStreamId = streamId;
+
+    pendingHeaderStream = streams.acquire(streamId);
+    refusingHeaderStream = pendingHeaderStream == null;
+    HeaderSink sink = refusingHeaderStream ? DISCARD_HEADERS : pendingHeaderStream.headerBlock();
+    if (headerBlocks.accept(frame, sink)) completeHeaders(writer, frame.streamId());
+  }
+
+  private void receiveContinuation(FrameHeader frame, Http2FrameWriter writer) throws IOException {
+    if (pendingHeaderStream == null && !refusingHeaderStream) {
+      throw Http2Exception.PROTOCOL_ERROR;
+    }
+    HeaderSink sink = refusingHeaderStream ? DISCARD_HEADERS : pendingHeaderStream.headerBlock();
+    if (headerBlocks.accept(frame, sink)) completeHeaders(writer, frame.streamId());
+  }
+
+  private void completeHeaders(Http2FrameWriter writer, int streamId) throws IOException {
+    if (refusingHeaderStream) {
+      sendRstStream(writer, streamId, Http2ErrorCode.REFUSED_STREAM);
+    } else {
+      Http2Stream stream = pendingHeaderStream;
+      if (streamDispatcher != null) stream.validateHeaders();
+      stream.transition(
+          headerBlocks.endStream()
+              ? Http2StreamState.Event.RECV_HEADERS_ES
+              : Http2StreamState.Event.RECV_HEADERS);
+      lastProcessedStreamId = Math.max(lastProcessedStreamId, streamId);
+      if (streamDispatcher == null) {
+        streams.remove(streamId);
+        streams.release(stream);
+        if (!gracefulStarted) startGracefulShutdown(writer);
+      } else if (headerBlocks.endStream()) {
+        enqueueDispatch(stream);
       }
     }
+    pendingHeaderStream = null;
+    refusingHeaderStream = false;
+  }
+
+  private void receivePriority(FrameHeader frame) {
+    int dependency = readUInt31(frame.buffer(), frame.payloadOffset());
+    if (dependency == frame.streamId()) {
+      throw new Http2StreamException(
+          frame.streamId(), Http2ErrorCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR, "stream depends on itself");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void receiveData(FrameHeader frame) {
+    Http2Stream stream = streamForFrame(frame.streamId());
+    stream.transition(
+        FrameFlags.isEndStream(frame.flags())
+            ? Http2StreamState.Event.RECV_DATA_ES
+            : Http2StreamState.Event.RECV_DATA);
+    if (frame.length() != 0) {
+      throw new Http2StreamException(
+          frame.streamId(), Http2ErrorCode.INTERNAL_ERROR, "request DATA support is not active");
+    }
+    if (FrameFlags.isEndStream(frame.flags()) && streamDispatcher != null) {
+      enqueueDispatch(stream);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void receiveRstStream(FrameHeader frame) {
+    Http2Stream stream = streams.get(frame.streamId());
+    if (stream == null) {
+      if (frame.streamId() > highestClientStreamId) throw Http2Exception.PROTOCOL_ERROR;
+      return;
+    }
+    boolean releaseDeferred =
+        stream.dispatched() || stream.state() == Http2StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE;
+    stream.transition(Http2StreamState.Event.RECV_RST);
+    streams.remove(stream.id());
+    if (releaseDeferred) {
+      stream.cancel();
+    } else {
+      streams.release(stream);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void enqueueDispatch(Http2Stream stream) {
+    if (dispatchCount == dispatchQueue.length) {
+      throw new Http2StreamException(
+          stream.id(), Http2ErrorCode.REFUSED_STREAM, "dispatch queue is full");
+    }
+    dispatchQueue[dispatchCount++] = stream;
+  }
+
+  private void dispatchPendingStreams() {
+    int count = dispatchCount;
+    dispatchCount = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      Http2Stream stream = dispatchQueue[i];
+      dispatchQueue[i] = null;
+      streamDispatcher.dispatch(stream);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Http2Stream streamForFrame(int streamId) {
+    Http2Stream stream = streams.get(streamId);
+    if (stream != null) return stream;
+    if (streamId > highestClientStreamId) throw Http2Exception.PROTOCOL_ERROR;
+    throw new Http2StreamException(streamId, Http2ErrorCode.STREAM_CLOSED, "stream is closed");
   }
 
   private void receiveSettings(FrameHeader frame, Http2FrameWriter writer) throws IOException {
@@ -201,8 +334,25 @@ public final class Http2Connection implements ConnectionProtocol {
 
   private void receiveWindowUpdate(FrameHeader frame) {
     int increment = readUInt31(frame.buffer(), frame.payloadOffset());
-    if (increment == 0) throw Http2Exception.PROTOCOL_ERROR;
+    if (increment == 0) {
-    if (frame.streamId() != 0) return;
+      if (frame.streamId() == 0) throw Http2Exception.PROTOCOL_ERROR;
+      throw new Http2StreamException(
+          frame.streamId(), Http2ErrorCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR, "zero window increment");
+    }
+    if (frame.streamId() != 0) {
+      Http2Stream stream = streams.get(frame.streamId());
+      if (stream == null) {
+        if (frame.streamId() > highestClientStreamId) throw Http2Exception.PROTOCOL_ERROR;
+        return;
+      }
+      try {
+        stream.adjustSendWindow(increment);
+      } catch (IllegalStateException overflow) {
+        throw new Http2StreamException(
+            frame.streamId(), Http2ErrorCode.FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR, "stream window overflow");
+      }
+      return;
+    }
     long next = connectionSendWindow + increment;
     if (next > Integer.MAX_VALUE) throw Http2Exception.FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR;
     connectionSendWindow = next;
@@ -229,6 +379,21 @@ public final class Http2Connection implements ConnectionProtocol {
     writer.writePriority(rst);
   }
 
+  private void sendRstStream(Http2FrameWriter writer, int streamId, Http2ErrorCode error)
+      throws IOException {
+    ControlIntent rst = scratch.acquire(ControlKind.SETTINGS_OR_OTHER);
+    rst.frame(FrameType.RST_STREAM, 0, streamId, error.bytes(), 0, 4);
+    writer.writePriority(rst);
+  }
+
+  private void closeStreamAfterError(int streamId) {
+    Http2Stream stream = streams.remove(streamId);
+    if (stream == null) return;
+    if (stream.dispatched()) stream.cancel();
+    else streams.release(stream);
+    if (pendingHeaderStream == stream) pendingHeaderStream = null;
+  }
+
   private void sendGoAway(
       Http2FrameWriter writer, int lastStreamId, Http2ErrorCode error, String debug)
       throws IOException {
@@ -303,5 +468,9 @@ public final class Http2Connection implements ConnectionProtocol {
     peerGoAway = false;
     gracefulStarted = false;
     gracefulFinished = false;
+    highestClientStreamId = 0;
+    pendingHeaderStream = null;
+    refusingHeaderStream = false;
+    dispatchCount = 0;
   }
 }

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/Http2HeaderBlockDecoder.java

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import dev.relism.flash.http2.frame.FrameType;
 import dev.relism.flash.http2.frame.Padding;
 import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.ContinuationAssembler;
 import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.HeaderListSizeException;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.HeaderSink;
 import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.HpackDecoder;
-import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.HpackHeaderBlock;
 
 /** Composes frame fragment extraction, CONTINUATION assembly and HPACK decoding. */
 final class Http2HeaderBlockDecoder {
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ final class Http2HeaderBlockDecoder {
 
   private final ContinuationAssembler assembler = new ContinuationAssembler();
   private final HpackDecoder decoder = new HpackDecoder();
-  private final HpackHeaderBlock headers = new HpackHeaderBlock();
+  private boolean endStream;
 
   boolean insideHeaderBlock() {
     return assembler.isActive();
   }
 
   /** Accepts HEADERS or CONTINUATION and returns true when a complete block was decoded. */
-  boolean accept(FrameHeader frame) {
+  boolean accept(FrameHeader frame, HeaderSink sink) {
     if (assembler.isActive() && frame.type() != FrameType.CONTINUATION) {
       throw Http2Exception.PROTOCOL_ERROR;
     }
@@ -41,9 +41,8 @@ final class Http2HeaderBlockDecoder {
     }
     if (!assembler.isComplete()) return false;
 
-    headers.reset();
     try {
-      decoder.decode(assembler.buffer(), 0, assembler.length(), headers);
+      decoder.decode(assembler.buffer(), 0, assembler.length(), sink);
     } catch (HeaderListSizeException tooLarge) {
       int streamId = assembler.streamId();
       assembler.reset();
@@ -54,7 +53,12 @@ final class Http2HeaderBlockDecoder {
     return true;
   }
 
+  boolean endStream() {
+    return endStream;
+  }
+
   private void begin(FrameHeader frame) {
+    endStream = FrameFlags.isEndStream(frame.flags());
     long unpadded =
         Padding.unpad(
             frame.buffer(),
@@ -65,6 +69,15 @@ final class Http2HeaderBlockDecoder {
     int fragmentLength = Pairs.lo(unpadded);
     if (FrameFlags.hasPriority(frame.flags())) {
       if (fragmentLength < PRIORITY_FIELDS_LENGTH) throw Http2Exception.FRAME_SIZE_ERROR;
+      int dependency =
+          ((frame.buffer()[fragmentOffset] & 0x7f) << 24)
+              | ((frame.buffer()[fragmentOffset + 1] & 0xff) << 16)
+              | ((frame.buffer()[fragmentOffset + 2] & 0xff) << 8)
+              | (frame.buffer()[fragmentOffset + 3] & 0xff);
+      if (dependency == frame.streamId()) {
+        throw new Http2StreamException(
+            frame.streamId(), Http2ErrorCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR, "stream depends on itself");
+      }
       fragmentOffset += PRIORITY_FIELDS_LENGTH;
       fragmentLength -= PRIORITY_FIELDS_LENGTH;
     }

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/Http2Limits.java

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public final class Http2Limits {
    * owns a per-stream HPACK arena and request/response state) against a peer that simply opens
    * streams and never closes them.
    */
-  public static final int MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS = 100;
+  public static final int MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS = 64;
 
   /**
    * The largest frame payload we accept without the peer first raising it via our own {@code

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/Http2StreamDispatcher.java

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.http2;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.http.HttpMethod;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.frame.Http2FrameWriter;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.message.Http2ResponseWriter;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.stream.Http2Stream;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.stream.Http2StreamState;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.stream.Http2StreamTable;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Request;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.RequestHandler;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Response;
+import dev.relism.flash.transport.ConnectionContext;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+/** Dispatches completed request streams without blocking the connection demultiplexer. */
+@Slf4j
+final class Http2StreamDispatcher {
+  @FunctionalInterface
+  interface FailureSink {
+    void fail(int streamId, Http2ErrorCode errorCode) throws IOException;
+  }
+
+  private final ConnectionContext context;
+  private final Http2FrameWriter frameWriter;
+  private final Http2Settings peerSettings;
+  private final Http2StreamTable streams;
+  private final FailureSink failures;
+  private volatile boolean firstResponse = true;
+
+  Http2StreamDispatcher(
+      ConnectionContext context,
+      Http2FrameWriter frameWriter,
+      Http2Settings peerSettings,
+      Http2StreamTable streams,
+      FailureSink failures) {
+    this.context = context;
+    this.frameWriter = frameWriter;
+    this.peerSettings = peerSettings;
+    this.streams = streams;
+    this.failures = failures;
+  }
+
+  void dispatch(Http2Stream stream) {
+    if (stream.cancelled()) {
+      streams.release(stream);
+      return;
+    }
+    stream.markDispatched();
+    try {
+      context.executor().execute(() -> handle(stream));
+    } catch (RejectedExecutionException rejected) {
+      failAndRelease(stream, Http2ErrorCode.REFUSED_STREAM, rejected);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void handle(Http2Stream stream) {
+    try {
+      Request request = stream.assembleRequest(context.remoteAddress(), context.sslSocket());
+      Response pooled = stream.resetResponse();
+      Response response = pooled;
+      Object routeScratch = stream.routeScratch(context.router());
+      RequestHandler handler = context.router().route(request, routeScratch);
+      if (handler == null) handler = context.router().getNotFoundHandler();
+      try {
+        Object result = handler.handle(request, response);
+        if (result instanceof Response returned) response = returned;
+        else if (result != null) response.setBody(result);
+      } catch (Exception handlerFailure) {
+        Object result =
+            context.router().getExceptionHandler().handle(handlerFailure, request, response);
+        if (result instanceof Response returned) response = returned;
+        else if (result != null) response.setBody(result);
+      }
+
+      Http2ResponseWriter responseWriter = stream.responseWriter();
+      if (stream.cancelled()) {
+        request.recycle();
+        if (response == pooled) pooled.recycle();
+        streams.release(stream);
+        return;
+      }
+      boolean prepared;
+      synchronized (this) {
+        boolean tableUpdate = firstResponse;
+        prepared =
+            responseWriter.prepare(
+                response,
+                stream.id(),
+                request.method() == HttpMethod.HEAD,
+                context.configuration().isSendDate(),
+                true,
+                context.configuration().isH2HuffmanDynamicValues(),
+                tableUpdate,
+                peerSettings.maxFrameSize(),
+                peerSettings.maxHeaderListSize(),
+                (int) Math.min(stream.sendWindow(), Integer.MAX_VALUE));
+        if (prepared) {
+          firstResponse = false;
+          stream.transition(Http2StreamState.Event.SEND_HEADERS_ES);
+          request.recycle();
+          if (response == pooled) pooled.recycle();
+          streams.remove(stream.id());
+          frameWriter.write(responseWriter);
+        }
+      }
+      if (!prepared) {
+        request.recycle();
+        if (response == pooled) pooled.recycle();
+        failAndRelease(stream, Http2ErrorCode.INTERNAL_ERROR, null);
+      }
+    } catch (Exception failure) {
+      failAndRelease(stream, Http2ErrorCode.INTERNAL_ERROR, failure);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void failAndRelease(Http2Stream stream, Http2ErrorCode error, Exception cause) {
+    if (stream.id() == 0) return;
+    if (cause != null) log.error("HTTP/2 stream {} failed", stream.id(), cause);
+    streams.remove(stream.id());
+    try {
+      failures.fail(stream.id(), error);
+    } catch (IOException writeFailure) {
+      log.debug("Failed to write RST_STREAM for {}", stream.id(), writeFailure);
+    } finally {
+      streams.release(stream);
+    }
+  }
+}

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/frame/Http2FrameReader.java

@@ -116,6 +116,11 @@ public final class Http2FrameReader {
     return totalRead != 0 && System.nanoTime() >= frameDeadlineNanos;
   }
 
+  /** Whether another frame may be consumed immediately without waiting for network input. */
+  public boolean hasBufferedInput() {
+    return totalRead != 0 || in.available() != 0;
+  }
+
   private static int decodeLength(byte[] buf, int off) {
     int b0 = buf[off] & 0xFF, b1 = buf[off + 1] & 0xFF, b2 = buf[off + 2] & 0xFF;
     return (b0 << 16) | (b1 << 8) | b2;

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/hpack/Huffman.java

@@ -306,8 +306,7 @@ public final class Huffman {
 
   /**
    * Huffman-encodes {@code src[off, off + len)}, writing directly into {@code out}. Pads the final
-   * byte with the high-order bits of the EOS code (all 1s), per RFC 7541 §5.2. Built now ({@code
+   * byte with the high-order bits of the EOS code (all 1s), per RFC 7541 §5.2.
-   * EX} task 3) for use by the HPACK encoder.
    */
   public static void encode(ByteWriter out, byte[] src, int off, int len) {
     long accumulator = 0;

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/message/Http2HeaderMap.java

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.http2.message;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.bytes.PooledSlice;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.HpackHeaderBlock;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.HeaderView;
+import dev.relism.fpr.core.ByteView;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/** Header view over stream-owned decoded HPACK storage. Pseudo-fields are excluded. */
+public final class Http2HeaderMap implements HeaderView {
+  private static final int VIEW_COUNT = 4;
+
+  private final PooledSlice scanName = new PooledSlice();
+  private final PooledSlice scanValue = new PooledSlice();
+  private final PooledSlice[] views = new PooledSlice[VIEW_COUNT];
+  private HpackHeaderBlock block;
+  private PseudoHeaders pseudoHeaders;
+  private int viewCursor;
+  private int regularCount;
+
+  public Http2HeaderMap() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < views.length; i++) views[i] = new PooledSlice();
+  }
+
+  public void reset(HpackHeaderBlock block, PseudoHeaders pseudoHeaders) {
+    this.block = block;
+    this.pseudoHeaders = pseudoHeaders;
+    viewCursor = 0;
+    regularCount = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < block.count(); i++) {
+      block.get(i, scanName, scanValue);
+      if (scanName.byteAt(0) != ':') regularCount++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String first(String name) {
+    ByteView value = find(name, scanValue);
+    if (value == null) return null;
+    PooledSlice slice = (PooledSlice) value;
+    return new String(slice.array(), slice.offset(), slice.length(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<String> all(String name) {
+    List<String> result = null;
+    for (int i = 0; i < block.count(); i++) {
+      block.get(i, scanName, scanValue);
+      if (scanName.byteAt(0) == ':' || !equalsIgnoreCase(scanName, name)) continue;
+      if (result == null) result = new ArrayList<>();
+      result.add(
+          new String(
+              scanValue.array(), scanValue.offset(), scanValue.length(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    }
+    if (result == null && isAuthorityAlias(name) && pseudoHeaders.authority().array() != null) {
+      return List.of(string(pseudoHeaders.authority()));
+    }
+    return result == null ? List.of() : result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<String> all() {
+    List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(regularCount);
+    for (int i = 0; i < block.count(); i++) {
+      block.get(i, scanName, scanValue);
+      if (scanName.byteAt(0) != ':') result.add(string(scanValue));
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteView view(String name) {
+    PooledSlice target = views[viewCursor++ & (views.length - 1)];
+    return find(name, target);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean valueEqualsIgnoreCase(String name, String value) {
+    ByteView found = find(name, scanValue);
+    return found != null && equalsIgnoreCase(found, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean contains(String name) {
+    return find(name, scanValue) != null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int count() {
+    return regularCount;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void forEach(HeaderConsumer consumer) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < block.count(); i++) {
+      block.get(i, scanName, scanValue);
+      if (scanName.byteAt(0) != ':') consumer.accept(scanName, scanValue);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private PooledSlice find(String requested, PooledSlice target) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < block.count(); i++) {
+      block.get(i, scanName, scanValue);
+      if (scanName.byteAt(0) != ':' && equalsIgnoreCase(scanName, requested)) {
+        target.reset(scanValue.array(), scanValue.offset(), scanValue.length());
+        return target;
+      }
+    }
+    if (isAuthorityAlias(requested) && pseudoHeaders.authority().array() != null) {
+      PooledSlice authority = pseudoHeaders.authority();
+      target.reset(authority.array(), authority.offset(), authority.length());
+      return target;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isAuthorityAlias(String name) {
+    return name.equalsIgnoreCase("host") || name.equalsIgnoreCase(":authority");
+  }
+
+  private static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(ByteView bytes, String value) {
+    if (bytes.length() != value.length()) return false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length(); i++) {
+      int left = bytes.byteAt(i) & 0xff;
+      int right = value.charAt(i);
+      if (left >= 'A' && left <= 'Z') left += 32;
+      if (right >= 'A' && right <= 'Z') right += 32;
+      if (left != right) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private static String string(PooledSlice slice) {
+    return new String(slice.array(), slice.offset(), slice.length(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+  }
+}

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/message/Http2ResponseWriter.java

@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ import dev.relism.flash.models.ResponseSerializer;
  * connection write lock and exposes it as one {@link WriteIntent}.
  */
 public final class Http2ResponseWriter implements WriteIntent, ResponseSerializer.FieldConsumer {
+  @FunctionalInterface
+  public interface Completion {
+    void responseWriteCompleted();
+  }
+
   private static final int STATUS_NAME_LENGTH = 7;
   private static final int CONTENT_LENGTH_NAME_LENGTH = 14;
 
@@ -31,6 +36,7 @@ public final class Http2ResponseWriter implements WriteIntent, ResponseSerialize
   private int streamId;
   private long headerListSize;
   private long maxHeaderListSize;
+  private Completion completion;
 
   public Http2ResponseWriter() {
     this(1024, 2048);
@@ -42,6 +48,10 @@ public final class Http2ResponseWriter implements WriteIntent, ResponseSerialize
     frames = new FrameWriteBuffer(output);
   }
 
+  public void completion(Completion completion) {
+    this.completion = completion;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Prepares a non-streaming response. Returns {@code false} when the body needs the deferred DATA
    * flow-control path implemented by the stream scheduler.
@@ -236,4 +246,9 @@ public final class Http2ResponseWriter implements WriteIntent, ResponseSerialize
   public void setMpscNext(WriteIntent next) {
     this.next = next;
   }
+
+  @Override
+  public void completed() {
+    if (completion != null) completion.responseWriteCompleted();
+  }
 }

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/message/PseudoHeaders.java

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.http2.message;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.bytes.PooledSlice;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.Http2ErrorCode;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.Http2StreamException;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.HpackHeaderBlock;
+import dev.relism.fpr.core.ByteView;
+
+/** Validates request pseudo-headers and HTTP/2 field rules while extracting request metadata. */
+public final class PseudoHeaders {
+  private static final int METHOD = 1;
+  private static final int SCHEME = 2;
+  private static final int PATH = 4;
+  private static final int AUTHORITY = 8;
+
+  private final PooledSlice name = new PooledSlice();
+  private final PooledSlice value = new PooledSlice();
+  private final PooledSlice method = new PooledSlice();
+  private final PooledSlice scheme = new PooledSlice();
+  private final PooledSlice path = new PooledSlice();
+  private final PooledSlice authority = new PooledSlice();
+  private final PooledSlice host = new PooledSlice();
+  private int present;
+
+  public void validate(HpackHeaderBlock block, int streamId) {
+    present = 0;
+    method.reset(null, 0, 0);
+    scheme.reset(null, 0, 0);
+    path.reset(null, 0, 0);
+    authority.reset(null, 0, 0);
+    host.reset(null, 0, 0);
+    boolean regularSeen = false;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < block.count(); i++) {
+      block.get(i, name, value);
+      if (name.length() == 0) fail(streamId, "empty field name");
+      boolean pseudo = name.byteAt(0) == ':';
+      if (pseudo) {
+        if (regularSeen) fail(streamId, "pseudo-header after regular field");
+        int bit = pseudoBit(name);
+        if (bit == 0) fail(streamId, "unknown pseudo-header");
+        if ((present & bit) != 0) fail(streamId, "duplicate pseudo-header");
+        present |= bit;
+        copySlice(bit, value);
+      } else {
+        regularSeen = true;
+        validateRegular(name, value, streamId);
+        if (equals(name, "host")) copy(value, host);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ((present & METHOD) == 0) fail(streamId, "missing :method");
+    boolean connect = equals(method, "CONNECT");
+    if (connect) {
+      if ((present & AUTHORITY) == 0) fail(streamId, "CONNECT requires :authority");
+      if ((present & (SCHEME | PATH)) != 0) fail(streamId, "CONNECT forbids :scheme and :path");
+    } else {
+      int required = METHOD | SCHEME | PATH | AUTHORITY;
+      if ((present & required) != required) fail(streamId, "missing request pseudo-header");
+      if (path.length() == 0) fail(streamId, "empty :path");
+    }
+    if (host.array() != null && authority.array() != null && !equals(host, authority)) {
+      fail(streamId, "host conflicts with :authority");
+    }
+  }
+
+  public PooledSlice method() {
+    return method;
+  }
+
+  public PooledSlice scheme() {
+    return scheme;
+  }
+
+  public PooledSlice path() {
+    return path;
+  }
+
+  public PooledSlice authority() {
+    return authority;
+  }
+
+  private void copySlice(int bit, PooledSlice source) {
+    if (bit == METHOD) copy(source, method);
+    else if (bit == SCHEME) copy(source, scheme);
+    else if (bit == PATH) copy(source, path);
+    else copy(source, authority);
+  }
+
+  private static void copy(PooledSlice source, PooledSlice target) {
+    target.reset(source.array(), source.offset(), source.length());
+  }
+
+  private static int pseudoBit(ByteView name) {
+    if (equals(name, ":method")) return METHOD;
+    if (equals(name, ":scheme")) return SCHEME;
+    if (equals(name, ":path")) return PATH;
+    if (equals(name, ":authority")) return AUTHORITY;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  private static void validateRegular(ByteView name, ByteView value, int streamId) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < name.length(); i++) {
+      int c = name.byteAt(i) & 0xff;
+      if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') fail(streamId, "uppercase field name");
+    }
+    if (equals(name, "connection")
+        || equals(name, "keep-alive")
+        || equals(name, "proxy-connection")
+        || equals(name, "transfer-encoding")
+        || equals(name, "upgrade")) {
+      fail(streamId, "connection-specific field");
+    }
+    if (equals(name, "te") && !equals(value, "trailers")) {
+      fail(streamId, "invalid te field");
+    }
+  }
+
+  static boolean equals(ByteView view, String expected) {
+    if (view.length() != expected.length()) return false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < view.length(); i++) {
+      if ((view.byteAt(i) & 0xff) != expected.charAt(i)) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  static boolean equals(ByteView left, ByteView right) {
+    if (left.length() != right.length()) return false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < left.length(); i++) {
+      if (left.byteAt(i) != right.byteAt(i)) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private static void fail(int streamId, String message) {
+    throw new Http2StreamException(streamId, Http2ErrorCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR, message);
+  }
+}

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/stream/Http2Stream.java

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.http2.stream;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.bytes.PooledSlice;
+import dev.relism.flash.http.ContentType;
+import dev.relism.flash.http.HttpMethod;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.Http2ErrorCode;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.Http2StreamException;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.HpackHeaderBlock;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.message.Http2HeaderMap;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.message.Http2ResponseWriter;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.message.PseudoHeaders;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Request;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.RequestBody;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.RequestLine;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Response;
+import dev.relism.flash.routing.AbstractRouter;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
+
+/** Per-stream request, response, decoded-header and write state. */
+public final class Http2Stream implements Http2ResponseWriter.Completion {
+  private static final byte[] HTTP_2 = {'H', 'T', 'T', 'P', '/', '2'};
+
+  private final HpackHeaderBlock headerBlock = new HpackHeaderBlock();
+  private final PseudoHeaders pseudoHeaders = new PseudoHeaders();
+  private final Http2HeaderMap headers = new Http2HeaderMap();
+  private final RequestLine requestLine = new RequestLine();
+  private final RequestBody requestBody = new RequestBody();
+  private final Request request = new Request();
+  private final Response response = new Response(200, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
+  private final Http2ResponseWriter responseWriter = new Http2ResponseWriter();
+  private final PooledSlice path = new PooledSlice();
+  private final PooledSlice query = new PooledSlice();
+  private final PooledSlice protocol = new PooledSlice();
+
+  private int id;
+  private Http2StreamState state = Http2StreamState.IDLE;
+  private int sendWindow = 65_535;
+  private Http2StreamTable owner;
+  private Object routeScratch;
+  private volatile boolean dispatched;
+  private volatile boolean cancelled;
+  private boolean headersValidated;
+  Http2Stream poolNext;
+
+  Http2Stream() {
+    responseWriter.completion(this);
+    protocol.reset(HTTP_2, 0, HTTP_2.length);
+  }
+
+  void reset(int id, Http2StreamTable owner) {
+    this.id = id;
+    this.owner = owner;
+    state = Http2StreamState.IDLE;
+    sendWindow = 65_535;
+    dispatched = false;
+    cancelled = false;
+    headersValidated = false;
+    headerBlock.reset();
+  }
+
+  void clear() {
+    request.recycle();
+    response.recycle();
+    id = 0;
+    owner = null;
+    state = Http2StreamState.CLOSED;
+  }
+
+  public Request assembleRequest(InetSocketAddress remoteAddress, SSLSocket sslSocket) {
+    validateHeaders();
+    headers.reset(headerBlock, pseudoHeaders);
+    PooledSlice rawPath = pseudoHeaders.path();
+    if (rawPath.array() == null) rawPath = pseudoHeaders.authority();
+    int question = -1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < rawPath.length(); i++) {
+      if (rawPath.byteAt(i) == '?') {
+        question = i;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (question < 0) {
+      path.reset(rawPath.array(), rawPath.offset(), rawPath.length());
+      query.reset(null, 0, 0);
+    } else {
+      path.reset(rawPath.array(), rawPath.offset(), question);
+      query.reset(
+          rawPath.array(), rawPath.offset() + question + 1, rawPath.length() - question - 1);
+    }
+    PooledSlice methodBytes = pseudoHeaders.method();
+    HttpMethod method =
+        HttpMethod.fromBytes(methodBytes.array(), methodBytes.offset(), methodBytes.length());
+    if (method == null) {
+      throw new Http2StreamException(
+          id, Http2ErrorCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR, "unsupported request method");
+    }
+    requestLine.reset(method, path, question < 0 ? null : query, protocol, headers);
+    requestBody.reset(null, 0, null, 0, 0);
+    return Request.forParsed(request, requestLine, requestBody, remoteAddress, sslSocket);
+  }
+
+  public void validateHeaders() {
+    if (headersValidated) return;
+    pseudoHeaders.validate(headerBlock, id);
+    headersValidated = true;
+  }
+
+  public Response resetResponse() {
+    return response.reset(200, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
+  }
+
+  public void transition(Http2StreamState.Event event) {
+    state = state.transition(id, event);
+  }
+
+  public int id() {
+    return id;
+  }
+
+  public Http2StreamState state() {
+    return state;
+  }
+
+  public HpackHeaderBlock headerBlock() {
+    return headerBlock;
+  }
+
+  public Http2ResponseWriter responseWriter() {
+    return responseWriter;
+  }
+
+  public Object routeScratch(AbstractRouter router) {
+    if (routeScratch == null) routeScratch = router.newScratch();
+    return routeScratch;
+  }
+
+  public void markDispatched() {
+    dispatched = true;
+  }
+
+  public boolean dispatched() {
+    return dispatched;
+  }
+
+  public void cancel() {
+    cancelled = true;
+  }
+
+  public boolean cancelled() {
+    return cancelled;
+  }
+
+  public int sendWindow() {
+    return sendWindow;
+  }
+
+  public void adjustSendWindow(int delta) {
+    long adjusted = (long) sendWindow + delta;
+    if (adjusted > Integer.MAX_VALUE) throw new IllegalStateException("stream window overflow");
+    sendWindow = (int) adjusted;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void responseWriteCompleted() {
+    Http2StreamTable table = owner;
+    if (table != null) table.release(this);
+  }
+}

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/stream/Http2StreamState.java

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.http2.stream;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.Http2ErrorCode;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.Http2StreamException;
+
+/** Explicit RFC 9113 stream-state transition table. */
+public enum Http2StreamState {
+  IDLE,
+  OPEN,
+  HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE,
+  HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL,
+  CLOSED;
+
+  public enum Event {
+    RECV_HEADERS,
+    RECV_HEADERS_ES,
+    RECV_DATA,
+    RECV_DATA_ES,
+    RECV_RST,
+    SEND_HEADERS,
+    SEND_HEADERS_ES,
+    SEND_DATA,
+    SEND_DATA_ES,
+    SEND_RST
+  }
+
+  private static final byte ERROR = -1;
+  private static final byte[][] TRANSITIONS = buildTransitions();
+
+  public Http2StreamState transition(int streamId, Event event) {
+    int next = TRANSITIONS[ordinal()][event.ordinal()];
+    if (next == ERROR) {
+      throw new Http2StreamException(
+          streamId, errorFor(event), "invalid stream transition " + this + " + " + event);
+    }
+    return values()[next];
+  }
+
+  private Http2ErrorCode errorFor(Event event) {
+    if (this == CLOSED) return Http2ErrorCode.STREAM_CLOSED;
+    if (this == HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE
+        && (event == Event.RECV_DATA
+            || event == Event.RECV_DATA_ES
+            || event == Event.RECV_HEADERS
+            || event == Event.RECV_HEADERS_ES)) {
+      return Http2ErrorCode.STREAM_CLOSED;
+    }
+    return Http2ErrorCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  public static boolean isValid(Http2StreamState state, Event event) {
+    return TRANSITIONS[state.ordinal()][event.ordinal()] != ERROR;
+  }
+
+  private static byte[][] buildTransitions() {
+    byte[][] table = new byte[values().length][Event.values().length];
+    for (byte[] row : table) java.util.Arrays.fill(row, ERROR);
+
+    set(table, IDLE, Event.RECV_HEADERS, OPEN);
+    set(table, IDLE, Event.RECV_HEADERS_ES, HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE);
+
+    set(table, OPEN, Event.RECV_HEADERS, OPEN);
+    set(table, OPEN, Event.RECV_HEADERS_ES, HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE);
+    set(table, OPEN, Event.RECV_DATA, OPEN);
+    set(table, OPEN, Event.RECV_DATA_ES, HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE);
+    set(table, OPEN, Event.RECV_RST, CLOSED);
+    set(table, OPEN, Event.SEND_HEADERS, OPEN);
+    set(table, OPEN, Event.SEND_HEADERS_ES, HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL);
+    set(table, OPEN, Event.SEND_DATA, OPEN);
+    set(table, OPEN, Event.SEND_DATA_ES, HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL);
+    set(table, OPEN, Event.SEND_RST, CLOSED);
+
+    set(table, HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, Event.RECV_RST, CLOSED);
+    set(table, HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, Event.SEND_HEADERS, HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE);
+    set(table, HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, Event.SEND_HEADERS_ES, CLOSED);
+    set(table, HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, Event.SEND_DATA, HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE);
+    set(table, HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, Event.SEND_DATA_ES, CLOSED);
+    set(table, HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, Event.SEND_RST, CLOSED);
+
+    set(table, HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, Event.RECV_HEADERS, HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL);
+    set(table, HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, Event.RECV_HEADERS_ES, CLOSED);
+    set(table, HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, Event.RECV_DATA, HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL);
+    set(table, HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, Event.RECV_DATA_ES, CLOSED);
+    set(table, HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, Event.RECV_RST, CLOSED);
+    set(table, HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, Event.SEND_RST, CLOSED);
+
+    set(table, CLOSED, Event.RECV_RST, CLOSED);
+    set(table, CLOSED, Event.SEND_RST, CLOSED);
+    return table;
+  }
+
+  private static void set(byte[][] table, Http2StreamState from, Event event, Http2StreamState to) {
+    table[from.ordinal()][event.ordinal()] = (byte) to.ordinal();
+  }
+}

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/stream/Http2StreamTable.java

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.http2.stream;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/** Fixed-capacity primitive stream-id table using linear-probed open addressing. */
+public final class Http2StreamTable {
+
+  @FunctionalInterface
+  public interface StreamConsumer {
+    void accept(Http2Stream stream);
+  }
+
+  private final int[] keys;
+  private final Http2Stream[] values;
+  private final int mask;
+  private final int maxEntries;
+  private int size;
+  private Http2Stream free;
+  private int created;
+
+  public Http2StreamTable(int maxEntries) {
+    if (maxEntries < 1) throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxEntries must be positive");
+    int capacity = 1;
+    while (capacity < maxEntries * 2) capacity <<= 1;
+    keys = new int[capacity];
+    values = new Http2Stream[capacity];
+    mask = capacity - 1;
+    this.maxEntries = maxEntries;
+  }
+
+  public synchronized Http2Stream get(int streamId) {
+    int slot = find(streamId);
+    return keys[slot] == streamId ? values[slot] : null;
+  }
+
+  public synchronized void put(Http2Stream stream) {
+    if (size == maxEntries) throw new IllegalStateException("stream table capacity exceeded");
+    int streamId = stream.id();
+    int slot = find(streamId);
+    if (keys[slot] == streamId) throw new IllegalStateException("duplicate stream " + streamId);
+    keys[slot] = streamId;
+    values[slot] = stream;
+    size++;
+  }
+
+  public synchronized Http2Stream acquire(int streamId) {
+    if (size == maxEntries) return null;
+    Http2Stream stream = free;
+    if (stream != null) {
+      free = stream.poolNext;
+      stream.poolNext = null;
+    } else {
+      if (created == maxEntries) return null;
+      stream = new Http2Stream();
+      created++;
+    }
+    stream.reset(streamId, this);
+    put(stream);
+    return stream;
+  }
+
+  public synchronized void release(Http2Stream stream) {
+    stream.clear();
+    stream.poolNext = free;
+    free = stream;
+  }
+
+  public synchronized Http2Stream remove(int streamId) {
+    int slot = find(streamId);
+    if (keys[slot] != streamId) return null;
+    Http2Stream removed = values[slot];
+    keys[slot] = 0;
+    values[slot] = null;
+    size--;
+
+    int scan = (slot + 1) & mask;
+    while (keys[scan] != 0) {
+      int key = keys[scan];
+      Http2Stream value = values[scan];
+      keys[scan] = 0;
+      values[scan] = null;
+      size--;
+      put(value);
+      scan = (scan + 1) & mask;
+    }
+    return removed;
+  }
+
+  public synchronized void forEach(StreamConsumer consumer) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+      if (keys[i] != 0) consumer.accept(values[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public synchronized void adjustAllSendWindows(int delta) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+      if (keys[i] == 0) continue;
+      long adjusted = (long) values[i].sendWindow() + delta;
+      if (adjusted > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("stream window overflow");
+      }
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+      if (keys[i] != 0) values[i].adjustSendWindow(delta);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public synchronized int size() {
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  public int capacity() {
+    return maxEntries;
+  }
+
+  public synchronized int createdCount() {
+    return created;
+  }
+
+  public synchronized int freeCount() {
+    int count = 0;
+    for (Http2Stream stream = free; stream != null; stream = stream.poolNext) count++;
+    return count;
+  }
+
+  public synchronized void clear() {
+    Arrays.fill(keys, 0);
+    Arrays.fill(values, null);
+    size = 0;
+  }
+
+  private int find(int streamId) {
+    if (streamId <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("streamId must be positive");
+    int slot = mix(streamId) & mask;
+    while (keys[slot] != 0 && keys[slot] != streamId) slot = (slot + 1) & mask;
+    return slot;
+  }
+
+  private static int mix(int value) {
+    value ^= value >>> 16;
+    value *= 0x7feb352d;
+    value ^= value >>> 15;
+    return value;
+  }
+}

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/transport/ConnectionContext.java

@@ -3,46 +3,43 @@ package dev.relism.flash.transport;
 import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashConfiguration;
 import dev.relism.flash.routing.AbstractRouter;
 import dev.relism.flash.routing.AbstractWsRouter;
-
-import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
-
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.function.BooleanSupplier;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
 
 /**
  * Everything a {@link ConnectionProtocol} implementation needs to serve one connection, bundled
  * into a single object instead of a long parameter list.
  *
- * @param socket        the accepted socket — owns its lifecycle (closing it is the caller's,
+ * @param socket the accepted socket — owns its lifecycle (closing it is the caller's, i.e. {@link
- *                       i.e. {@link ConnectionRunner}'s, responsibility, not the protocol's)
+ *     ConnectionRunner}'s, responsibility, not the protocol's)
- * @param sslSocket     {@code socket} narrowed to {@link SSLSocket}, or {@code null} for a
+ * @param sslSocket {@code socket} narrowed to {@link SSLSocket}, or {@code null} for a plaintext
- *                       plaintext connection
+ *     connection
- * @param in            the single buffered, deadline-aware source for this connection's
+ * @param in the single buffered, deadline-aware source for this connection's inbound bytes
- *                       inbound bytes
+ * @param out the buffered output stream — for header/body writes that benefit from userspace
- * @param out           the buffered output stream — for header/body writes that benefit from
+ *     coalescing before a single syscall
- *                       userspace coalescing before a single syscall
+ * @param rawOut the unbuffered output stream — for WebSocket, whose writes are already bulk (see
- * @param rawOut        the unbuffered output stream — for WebSocket, whose writes are already
+ *     {@code WebSocketSession})
- *                       bulk (see {@code WebSocketSession})
  * @param remoteAddress the client's address, or {@code null} if unavailable
- * @param router        the HTTP router
+ * @param router the HTTP router
- * @param wsRouter      the WebSocket router
+ * @param wsRouter the WebSocket router
  * @param configuration the server configuration (timeouts, limits, feature flags)
- * @param stopped       {@code true} once the server has begun shutting down — a protocol
+ * @param stopped {@code true} once the server has begun shutting down — a protocol implementation's
- *                       implementation's request loop must check this and exit promptly
+ *     request loop must check this and exit promptly
  */
 public record ConnectionContext(
-        Socket socket,
+    Socket socket,
-        SSLSocket sslSocket,
+    SSLSocket sslSocket,
-        BufferedByteSource in,
+    BufferedByteSource in,
-        OutputStream out,
+    OutputStream out,
-        OutputStream rawOut,
+    OutputStream rawOut,
-        InetSocketAddress remoteAddress,
+    InetSocketAddress remoteAddress,
-        ConnectionScratch scratch,
+    ConnectionScratch scratch,
-        AbstractRouter router,
+    AbstractRouter router,
-        AbstractWsRouter wsRouter,
+    AbstractWsRouter wsRouter,
-        FlashConfiguration configuration,
+    FlashConfiguration configuration,
-        BooleanSupplier stopped
+    ExecutorService executor,
-) {
+    BooleanSupplier stopped) {}
-}

flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/transport/ConnectionRunner.java

@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ public final class ConnectionRunner {
               router,
               wsRouter,
               configuration,
+              executorService,
               stopped);
       if (negotiated == NegotiatedProtocol.HTTP_2) http2ProtocolFactory.get().run(ctx);
       else http1Protocol.run(ctx);

flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/Http2ConnectionIntegrationTest.java

@@ -2,22 +2,32 @@ package dev.relism.flash.http2;
 
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
+import dev.relism.flash.bytes.ByteWriter;
 import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashApp;
 import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashConfiguration;
 import dev.relism.flash.http2.frame.FrameFlags;
 import dev.relism.flash.http2.frame.FrameType;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.HpackDecoder;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.HpackEncoder;
 import dev.relism.flash.tls.TestKeystores;
 import dev.relism.flash.tls.TlsConfig;
 import java.io.EOFException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.net.ServerSocket;
 import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.http.HttpClient;
+import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
+import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import javax.net.ssl.SSLParameters;
 import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
@@ -32,6 +42,171 @@ class Http2ConnectionIntegrationTest {
     if (app != null) app.stop().join();
   }
 
+  @Test
+  void javaHttpClientUsesHttp2AgainstAnExistingParameterizedRoute(@TempDir Path directory)
+      throws Exception {
+    int port = freePort();
+    Path keystore =
+        TestKeystores.build(
+            directory,
+            "http2-route.p12",
+            "changeit",
+            TestKeystores.Entry.of("server", "localhost", "localhost"));
+    app =
+        FlashApp.create(
+            FlashConfiguration.builder()
+                .port(port)
+                .host("127.0.0.1")
+                .tls(TlsConfig.keystore(keystore, "changeit"))
+                .http2Enabled(true)
+                .build());
+    app.get(
+        "/users/{id}", (request, response) -> request.param("id") + ":" + request.header("host"));
+    app.start();
+
+    HttpClient client =
+        HttpClient.newBuilder()
+            .sslContext(TestKeystores.trustAllClientContext())
+            .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2)
+            .build();
+    HttpResponse<String> response =
+        client.send(
+            HttpRequest.newBuilder(URI.create("https://localhost:" + port + "/users/42"))
+                .GET()
+                .build(),
+            HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
+
+    assertEquals(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2, response.version());
+    assertEquals(200, response.statusCode());
+    assertEquals("42:localhost:" + port, response.body());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void bodylessGetRunsExistingRouteAndReturnsHeadersAndData() throws Exception {
+    int port = freePort();
+    app =
+        FlashApp.create(
+            FlashConfiguration.builder().port(port).host("127.0.0.1").http2Enabled(true).build());
+    app.get("/api/ping", (request, response) -> "pong");
+    app.start();
+
+    ByteWriter block = new ByteWriter(64);
+    HpackEncoder.writeIndexed(block, 2);
+    HpackEncoder.writeIndexed(block, 6);
+    HpackEncoder.writeLiteralWithNameIndex(
+        block, 4, "/api/ping".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), false);
+    HpackEncoder.writeLiteralWithNameIndex(
+        block, 1, "localhost".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), false);
+
+    try (Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", port)) {
+      socket.setSoTimeout(5_000);
+      socket
+          .getOutputStream()
+          .write(
+              Http2TestFrames.concat(
+                  Http2TestFrames.PREFACE,
+                  Http2TestFrames.settings(),
+                  Http2TestFrames.frame(FrameType.SETTINGS, FrameFlags.ACK, 0, new byte[0]),
+                  Http2TestFrames.frame(
+                      FrameType.HEADERS,
+                      FrameFlags.END_HEADERS | FrameFlags.END_STREAM,
+                      1,
+                      Arrays.copyOf(block.array(), block.length()))));
+      socket.getOutputStream().flush();
+
+      ByteWriter responseBlock = new ByteWriter(128);
+      byte[] body = null;
+      for (int i = 0; i < 10 && body == null; i++) {
+        Http2TestFrames.WireFrame frame = readFrame(socket.getInputStream());
+        if (frame.streamId() != 1) continue;
+        if (frame.type() == FrameType.HEADERS.code()
+            || frame.type() == FrameType.CONTINUATION.code()) {
+          responseBlock.writeBytes(frame.payload());
+        } else if (frame.type() == FrameType.DATA.code()) {
+          body = frame.payload();
+        }
+      }
+
+      List<String> fields = new ArrayList<>();
+      new HpackDecoder()
+          .decode(
+              responseBlock.array(),
+              0,
+              responseBlock.length(),
+              (name, value, never) -> fields.add(ascii(name) + "=" + ascii(value)));
+      assertTrue(fields.contains(":status=200"));
+      assertTrue(fields.contains("content-length=4"));
+      assertEquals("pong", new String(body, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void resetQueuedStreamCannotReleaseOrReuseItBeforeDispatchObservesCancellation()
+      throws Exception {
+    int port = freePort();
+    AtomicInteger calls = new AtomicInteger();
+    app =
+        FlashApp.create(
+            FlashConfiguration.builder().port(port).host("127.0.0.1").http2Enabled(true).build());
+    app.get(
+        "/queued",
+        (request, response) -> {
+          calls.incrementAndGet();
+          return "ok";
+        });
+    app.start();
+
+    ByteWriter block = new ByteWriter(64);
+    HpackEncoder.writeIndexed(block, 2);
+    HpackEncoder.writeIndexed(block, 6);
+    HpackEncoder.writeLiteralWithNameIndex(
+        block, 4, "/queued".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), false);
+    HpackEncoder.writeLiteralWithNameIndex(
+        block, 1, "localhost".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), false);
+    byte[] headers = Arrays.copyOf(block.array(), block.length());
+    byte[] cancel = {0, 0, 0, 8};
+
+    try (Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", port)) {
+      socket.setSoTimeout(5_000);
+      socket
+          .getOutputStream()
+          .write(
+              Http2TestFrames.concat(
+                  Http2TestFrames.PREFACE,
+                  Http2TestFrames.settings(),
+                  Http2TestFrames.frame(FrameType.SETTINGS, FrameFlags.ACK, 0, new byte[0]),
+                  Http2TestFrames.frame(
+                      FrameType.HEADERS,
+                      FrameFlags.END_HEADERS | FrameFlags.END_STREAM,
+                      1,
+                      headers),
+                  Http2TestFrames.frame(FrameType.RST_STREAM, 0, 1, cancel),
+                  Http2TestFrames.frame(
+                      FrameType.HEADERS,
+                      FrameFlags.END_HEADERS | FrameFlags.END_STREAM,
+                      3,
+                      headers)));
+      socket.getOutputStream().flush();
+
+      Http2TestFrames.WireFrame response = null;
+      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        Http2TestFrames.WireFrame frame = readFrame(socket.getInputStream());
+        assertFalse(
+            frame.streamId() == 1
+                && (frame.type() == FrameType.HEADERS.code()
+                    || frame.type() == FrameType.DATA.code()),
+            "a reset request must not produce a response");
+        if (frame.streamId() == 3 && frame.type() == FrameType.DATA.code()) {
+          response = frame;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      assertNotNull(response);
+      assertEquals("ok", new String(response.payload(), StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
+      assertEquals(1, calls.get());
+    }
+  }
+
   @Test
   void h2cTransportDispatchesControlFramesWithoutRunningApplicationWork() throws Exception {
     int port = freePort();
@@ -244,4 +419,10 @@ class Http2ConnectionIntegrationTest {
       return socket.getLocalPort();
     }
   }
+
+  private static String ascii(dev.relism.fpr.core.ByteView view) {
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[view.length()];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) bytes[i] = view.byteAt(i);
+    return new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+  }
 }

flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/message/PseudoHeaderValidationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.http2.message;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.bytes.PooledSlice;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.Http2StreamException;
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.hpack.HpackHeaderBlock;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class PseudoHeaderValidationTest {
+  @Test
+  void validRequest() {
+    assertDoesNotThrow(
+        () ->
+            validate(
+                ":method", "GET", ":scheme", "https", ":path", "/", ":authority", "example.com"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void rejectsPseudoAfterRegular() {
+    rejects("x", "1", ":method", "GET", ":scheme", "https", ":path", "/", ":authority", "x");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void rejectsUnknownAndDuplicatePseudoHeaders() {
+    rejects(":method", "GET", ":scheme", "https", ":path", "/", ":authority", "x", ":other", "x");
+    rejects(
+        ":method", "GET", ":method", "POST", ":scheme", "https", ":path", "/", ":authority", "x");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void rejectsMissingAndEmptyPseudoHeaders() {
+    rejects(":method", "GET", ":scheme", "https", ":path", "/");
+    rejects(":method", "GET", ":scheme", "https", ":path", "", ":authority", "x");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void validatesConnectShape() {
+    assertDoesNotThrow(() -> validate(":method", "CONNECT", ":authority", "example.com:443"));
+    rejects(":method", "CONNECT", ":scheme", "https", ":authority", "example.com:443");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void rejectsUppercaseForbiddenAndInvalidTeFields() {
+    rejects(validWith("X-Test", "1"));
+    rejects(validWith("connection", "close"));
+    rejects(validWith("keep-alive", "timeout=5"));
+    rejects(validWith("proxy-connection", "close"));
+    rejects(validWith("transfer-encoding", "chunked"));
+    rejects(validWith("upgrade", "websocket"));
+    rejects(validWith("te", "gzip"));
+    assertDoesNotThrow(() -> validate(validWith("te", "trailers")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void rejectsHostAuthorityConflict() {
+    rejects(validWith("host", "other.example"));
+    assertDoesNotThrow(() -> validate(validWith("host", "example.com")));
+  }
+
+  private static String[] validWith(String name, String value) {
+    return new String[] {
+      ":method", "GET", ":scheme", "https", ":path", "/", ":authority", "example.com", name, value
+    };
+  }
+
+  private static void rejects(String... fields) {
+    assertThrows(Http2StreamException.class, () -> validate(fields));
+  }
+
+  private static void validate(String... fields) {
+    HpackHeaderBlock block = new HpackHeaderBlock();
+    PooledSlice name = new PooledSlice();
+    PooledSlice value = new PooledSlice();
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i += 2) {
+      byte[] nameBytes = fields[i].getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+      byte[] valueBytes = fields[i + 1].getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+      name.reset(nameBytes, 0, nameBytes.length);
+      value.reset(valueBytes, 0, valueBytes.length);
+      block.accept(name, value, false);
+    }
+    new PseudoHeaders().validate(block, 1);
+  }
+}

flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/stream/Http2RequestAssemblyTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.http2.stream;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.bytes.PooledSlice;
+import dev.relism.flash.http.HttpMethod;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Request;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class Http2RequestAssemblyTest {
+  @Test
+  void assemblesProtocolNeutralRequestWithQueryAndAuthorityAlias() {
+    Http2StreamTable table = new Http2StreamTable(1);
+    Http2Stream stream = table.acquire(1);
+    field(stream, ":method", "GET");
+    field(stream, ":scheme", "https");
+    field(stream, ":path", "/users/42?verbose=true");
+    field(stream, ":authority", "example.com");
+    field(stream, "x-trace", "abc");
+
+    Request request = stream.assembleRequest(null, null);
+
+    assertEquals(HttpMethod.GET, request.method());
+    assertEquals("/users/42", request.path());
+    assertEquals("true", request.query("verbose"));
+    assertEquals("example.com", request.header("host"));
+    assertEquals("example.com", request.header(":authority"));
+    assertEquals("abc", request.header("X-Trace"));
+    assertNull(request.remoteAddress());
+  }
+
+  private static void field(Http2Stream stream, String name, String value) {
+    byte[] nameBytes = name.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+    byte[] valueBytes = value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+    PooledSlice nameView = new PooledSlice();
+    PooledSlice valueView = new PooledSlice();
+    nameView.reset(nameBytes, 0, nameBytes.length);
+    valueView.reset(valueBytes, 0, valueBytes.length);
+    stream.headerBlock().accept(nameView, valueView, false);
+  }
+}

flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/stream/Http2StreamLeakTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.http2.stream;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class Http2StreamLeakTest {
+  @Test
+  void oneHundredThousandAcquireReleaseCyclesReuseOneStream() {
+    Http2StreamTable table = new Http2StreamTable(100);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 100_000; i++) {
+      Http2Stream stream = table.acquire((i << 1) | 1);
+      table.remove(stream.id());
+      table.release(stream);
+    }
+    assertEquals(1, table.createdCount());
+    assertEquals(1, table.freeCount());
+    assertEquals(0, table.size());
+  }
+}

flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/stream/Http2StreamStateTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.http2.stream;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.http2.Http2StreamException;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class Http2StreamStateTest {
+  @Test
+  void everyTransitionCellIsExecutableOrTypedError() {
+    for (Http2StreamState state : Http2StreamState.values()) {
+      for (Http2StreamState.Event event : Http2StreamState.Event.values()) {
+        if (Http2StreamState.isValid(state, event)) {
+          Http2StreamState next = state.transition(1, event);
+          assertEquals(true, next != null);
+        } else {
+          assertThrows(Http2StreamException.class, () -> state.transition(1, event));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void bodylessRequestAndResponseCloseStream() {
+    Http2StreamState state =
+        Http2StreamState.IDLE.transition(1, Http2StreamState.Event.RECV_HEADERS_ES);
+    assertEquals(Http2StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, state);
+    assertEquals(
+        Http2StreamState.CLOSED, state.transition(1, Http2StreamState.Event.SEND_HEADERS_ES));
+  }
+}

flash/src/test/java/dev/relism/flash/http2/stream/Http2StreamTableTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.http2.stream;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class Http2StreamTableTest {
+  @Test
+  void insertLookupRemoveAtCapacityAndAcrossProbeClusters() {
+    Http2StreamTable table = new Http2StreamTable(8);
+    Http2Stream[] streams = new Http2Stream[8];
+    for (int i = 0; i < streams.length; i++) {
+      streams[i] = table.acquire(i * 2 + 1);
+      assertSame(streams[i], table.get(i * 2 + 1));
+    }
+    assertNull(table.acquire(99));
+    for (int i = 0; i < streams.length; i += 2) {
+      assertSame(streams[i], table.remove(streams[i].id()));
+      table.release(streams[i]);
+    }
+    for (int i = 1; i < streams.length; i += 2) {
+      assertSame(streams[i], table.get(streams[i].id()));
+    }
+  }
+}