Merge pull request 'feat(core): ALPN configuration and TLS visibility on Request/WebSocketSession' (#4) from feature/core/tls-alpn into master

Reviewed-on: #4

.github/settings.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
+          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
+          http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
+    <servers>
+        <server>
+            <id>Personal</id>
+            <username>${env.MAVEN_USERNAME}</username>
+            <password>${env.MAVEN_PASSWORD}</password>
+        </server>
+        <server>
+            <id>Personal-snapshots</id>
+            <username>${env.MAVEN_USERNAME}</username>
+            <password>${env.MAVEN_PASSWORD}</password>
+        </server>
+    </servers>
+</settings>

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - 'feature/**'
+      - 'fix/**'
+      - 'hotfix/**'
+    tags-ignore:
+      - 'v*'
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - master
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build & Test
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Temurin 21
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        with:
+          distribution: temurin
+          java-version: 21
+          cache: maven
+          server-id: Personal
+          server-username: MAVEN_USERNAME
+          server-password: MAVEN_PASSWORD
+
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: mvn -B --settings .github/settings.xml clean verify
+        env:
+          MAVEN_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_USERNAME }}
+          MAVEN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_PASSWORD }}
+
+      - name: Publish test results
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          name: test-results
+          path: '**/target/surefire-reports/*.xml'
+          retention-days: 7

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+name: Publish Docs
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      version:
+        description: 'Docs version to publish (e.g. 2.1.0)'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      version:
+        description: 'Docs version to publish (e.g. 2.1.0)'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+    secrets:
+      MAVEN_USERNAME:
+        required: true
+      MAVEN_PASSWORD:
+        required: true
+
+jobs:
+  docs:
+    name: Build JavaDoc & Update gh-pages
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Set up Temurin 21
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        with:
+          distribution: temurin
+          java-version: 21
+          cache: maven
+
+      - name: Build project (compile + resolve deps, skip tests)
+        run: mvn -B --settings .github/settings.xml clean verify -DskipTests
+        env:
+          MAVEN_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_USERNAME }}
+          MAVEN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_PASSWORD }}
+
+      # javadoc:aggregate runs on the reactor root.
+      # With flash + flash-extensions both declared as modules in root pom.xml,
+      # this produces a single aggregated Javadoc covering all modules.
+      # Default output path: target/site/apidocs/ (no custom reportOutputDirectory set).
+      - name: Generate aggregated JavaDoc
+        run: |
+          mvn -B \
+            --settings .github/settings.xml \
+            -DskipTests \
+            org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-javadoc-plugin:3.6.3:aggregate
+        env:
+          MAVEN_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_USERNAME }}
+          MAVEN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_PASSWORD }}
+          
+      - name: Verify JavaDoc output exists
+        run: |
+          APIDOCS=""
+
+          if [ -f "target/site/apidocs/index.html" ]; then
+            APIDOCS="target/site/apidocs"
+          elif [ -f "target/reports/apidocs/index.html" ]; then
+            APIDOCS="target/reports/apidocs"
+          else
+            echo "ERROR: JavaDoc output not found."
+            echo
+            echo "Contents of target/:"
+            find target -maxdepth 5 2>/dev/null || echo "(empty)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          echo "APIDOCS_DIR=$APIDOCS" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+          COUNT=$(find "$APIDOCS" -name '*.html' | wc -l)
+          echo "JavaDoc OK — $COUNT HTML files at $APIDOCS"
+
+      - name: Checkout gh-pages
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          ref: gh-pages
+          path: gh-pages-out
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Copy JavaDoc to versioned folder and latest
+        run: |
+          VERSION=${{ inputs.version }}
+
+          mkdir -p gh-pages-out/javadoc/$VERSION
+          cp -r "$APIDOCS_DIR"/. gh-pages-out/javadoc/$VERSION/
+
+          rm -rf gh-pages-out/latest
+          mkdir -p gh-pages-out/latest
+          cp -r "$APIDOCS_DIR"/. gh-pages-out/latest/
+
+      - name: Regenerate index.html
+        run: |
+          cd gh-pages-out
+          python3 - <<'EOF'
+          import os, re
+
+          def version_key(v):
+              parts = re.findall(r'\d+', v)
+              return [int(p) for p in parts] if parts else [0]
+
+          versions = sorted(
+              [d for d in os.listdir("javadoc") if os.path.isdir(f"javadoc/{d}")],
+              key=version_key,
+              reverse=True
+          )
+
+          latest = versions[0] if versions else None
+
+          rows = "\n".join(
+              f'''
+              <div class="release">
+                <div class="release-info">
+                  <span class="version">{v}</span>
+                  {"<span class='badge'>latest</span>" if v == latest else ""}
+                </div>
+
+                <a href="javadoc/{v}/index.html">Open</a>
+              </div>
+              '''
+              for v in versions
+          )
+
+          html = """<!DOCTYPE html>
+          <html lang="en">
+          <head>
+            <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+            <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+            <title>Flash — JavaDoc</title>
+
+            <style>
+              :root {
+                --bg: #ffffff;
+                --surface: #fafafa;
+                --border: #e5e7eb;
+
+                --text: #111827;
+                --muted: #6b7280;
+
+                --accent: #111827;
+                --accent-hover: #000000;
+              }
+
+              * {
+                box-sizing: border-box;
+                margin: 0;
+                padding: 0;
+              }
+
+              body {
+                font-family:
+                  Inter,
+                  ui-sans-serif,
+                  system-ui,
+                  -apple-system,
+                  BlinkMacSystemFont,
+                  "Segoe UI",
+                  sans-serif;
+
+                background: var(--bg);
+                color: var(--text);
+
+                min-height: 100vh;
+                padding: 64px 24px;
+              }
+
+              .container {
+                width: 100%;
+                max-width: 760px;
+                margin: 0 auto;
+              }
+
+              .header {
+                margin-bottom: 40px;
+              }
+
+              .header h1 {
+                font-size: 2rem;
+                font-weight: 600;
+                letter-spacing: -0.04em;
+              }
+
+              .header p {
+                margin-top: 10px;
+
+                color: var(--muted);
+                font-size: 0.95rem;
+                line-height: 1.6;
+              }
+
+              .latest {
+                display: inline-flex;
+                align-items: center;
+
+                margin-top: 20px;
+                padding-bottom: 2px;
+
+                color: var(--accent);
+                text-decoration: none;
+                font-size: 0.95rem;
+                font-weight: 500;
+
+                border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
+
+                transition:
+                  border-color 0.15s ease,
+                  color 0.15s ease;
+              }
+
+              .latest:hover {
+                border-color: var(--accent);
+                color: var(--accent-hover);
+              }
+
+              .list {
+                border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
+              }
+
+              .release {
+                display: flex;
+                align-items: center;
+                justify-content: space-between;
+
+                gap: 16px;
+
+                padding: 18px 0;
+
+                border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
+              }
+
+              .release-info {
+                display: flex;
+                align-items: center;
+                gap: 12px;
+              }
+
+              .version {
+                font-size: 0.96rem;
+                font-weight: 500;
+                letter-spacing: -0.01em;
+              }
+
+              .badge {
+                font-size: 0.72rem;
+                font-weight: 600;
+
+                color: var(--muted);
+
+                border: 1px solid var(--border);
+                padding: 2px 8px;
+              }
+
+              .release a {
+                color: var(--accent);
+                text-decoration: none;
+                font-size: 0.92rem;
+              }
+
+              .release a:hover {
+                text-decoration: underline;
+              }
+
+              .empty {
+                padding: 32px 0;
+
+                color: var(--muted);
+                font-size: 0.95rem;
+              }
+
+              @media (max-width: 640px) {
+                body {
+                  padding: 40px 20px;
+                }
+
+                .header h1 {
+                  font-size: 1.7rem;
+                }
+
+                .release {
+                  flex-direction: column;
+                  align-items: flex-start;
+                }
+              }
+            </style>
+          </head>
+
+          <body>
+            <div class="container">
+
+              <header class="header">
+                <h1>Flash JavaDoc</h1>
+
+                <p>
+                  API documentation for all published Flash releases.
+                </p>
+
+                """ + (
+                  f'''
+                  <a class="latest" href="latest/index.html">
+                    Latest release — {latest}
+                  </a>
+                  '''
+                  if latest else ""
+                ) + """
+              </header>
+
+              """ + (
+                f'''
+                <div class="list">
+                  {rows}
+                </div>
+                '''
+                if rows else
+                '''
+                <div class="empty">
+                  No versions published yet.
+                </div>
+                '''
+              ) + """
+
+            </div>
+          </body>
+          </html>"""
+
+          with open("index.html", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+              f.write(html)
+
+          print(f"index.html generated — {len(versions)} version(s): {versions}")
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Push gh-pages
+        run: |
+          cd gh-pages-out
+          git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
+          git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+          git add -A
+          git diff --cached --quiet || git commit -m "docs(javadoc): publish ${{ inputs.version }}"
+          git push origin gh-pages

.github/workflows/prepare-release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+name: Prepare Release
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      version:
+        description: 'Release version (e.g. 2.0.0)'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      next_version:
+        description: 'Next development version without -SNAPSHOT (e.g. 2.1.0)'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+
+jobs:
+  prepare:
+    name: Bump, Tag & Push
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Set up Temurin 21
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        with:
+          distribution: temurin
+          java-version: 21
+          cache: maven
+
+      - name: Configure Git
+        run: |
+          git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
+          git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+
+      - name: Set release version
+        run: mvn -B --settings .github/settings.xml versions:set -DnewVersion=${{ inputs.version }}
+        env:
+          MAVEN_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_USERNAME }}
+          MAVEN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_PASSWORD }}
+
+      - name: Commit release version
+        run: |
+          git add -A
+          git commit -m "chore(release): ${{ inputs.version }}"
+
+      - name: Tag release
+        run: git tag v${{ inputs.version }}
+
+      - name: Set next snapshot version
+        run: mvn -B --settings .github/settings.xml versions:set -DnewVersion=${{ inputs.next_version }}-SNAPSHOT
+        env:
+          MAVEN_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_USERNAME }}
+          MAVEN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_PASSWORD }}
+
+      - name: Commit next snapshot version
+        run: |
+          git add -A
+          git commit -m "chore(release): prepare ${{ inputs.next_version }}-SNAPSHOT"
+
+      - name: Push commits and tag
+        run: |
+          git push origin master
+          git push origin v${{ inputs.version }}

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - 'v*'
+
+jobs:
+  # ── 1. Build, GPG-sign, deploy to Maven releases ──────────────────────────
+  release:
+    name: Build, Sign & Deploy
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+
+    outputs:
+      version: ${{ steps.version.outputs.VERSION }}
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Extract version from tag
+        id: version
+        run: echo "VERSION=${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Set up Temurin 21
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        with:
+          distribution: temurin
+          java-version: 21
+          cache: maven
+
+      - name: Import GPG key
+        run: |
+          echo "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" | gpg --batch --import
+          GPG_KEY_ID=$(gpg --list-secret-keys --with-colons | grep '^sec' | cut -d: -f5 | head -1)
+          echo "GPG_KEY_ID=$GPG_KEY_ID" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Build, sign and deploy to releases
+        run: |
+          mvn -B --settings .github/settings.xml \
+            -DperformRelease=true \
+            -Dgpg.keyname=$GPG_KEY_ID \
+            clean deploy
+        env:
+          MAVEN_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_USERNAME }}
+          MAVEN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_PASSWORD }}
+
+      - name: Create GitHub Release
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+        with:
+          tag_name: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          name: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          generate_release_notes: true
+          draft: false
+          prerelease: false
+
+  # ── 2. Publish JavaDoc (single source of truth: docs.yml) ─────────────────
+  docs:
+    name: Publish JavaDoc
+    needs: release
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/docs.yml
+    with:
+      version: ${{ needs.release.outputs.version }}
+    secrets:
+      MAVEN_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_USERNAME }}
+      MAVEN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_PASSWORD }}

.github/workflows/snapshot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+name: Publish Snapshot
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    tags-ignore:
+      - 'v*'
+
+jobs:
+  snapshot:
+    name: Deploy Snapshot
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Temurin 21
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        with:
+          distribution: temurin
+          java-version: 21
+          cache: maven
+
+      - name: Deploy snapshot
+        run: mvn -B --settings .github/settings.xml clean deploy -DskipTests
+        env:
+          MAVEN_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_USERNAME }}
+          MAVEN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MAVEN_PASSWORD }}

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+target/
+*.versionsBackup
+.mvn/timing.properties
+*.class
+!.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.jar
+!**/src/main/**/target/
+!**/src/test/**/target/
+.kotlin
+
+### IntelliJ IDEA ###
+.idea/modules.xml
+.idea/jarRepositories.xml
+.idea/compiler.xml
+.idea/libraries/
+.idea/workspace.xml
+.idea/inspectionProfiles/
+*.iws
+*.iml
+*.ipr
+
+### Eclipse ###
+.apt_generated
+.classpath
+.factorypath
+.project
+.settings
+.springBeans
+.sts4-cache
+
+### NetBeans ###
+/nbproject/private/
+/nbbuild/
+/dist/
+/nbdist/
+/.nb-gradle/
+build/
+!**/src/main/**/build/
+!**/src/test/**/build/
+
+### VS Code ###
+.vscode/
+
+### Mac OS ###
+.DS_Store
+
+CLAUDE.md
+.claude/
+
+### Local / scratch ###
+flash/src/main/java/dev/relism/Main.java
+flash-bench/
+nuxt-shadcn-dashboard/
+/dev/
+/docs/
+jmh-result.text
+*.text
+/flash-extensions/flash-ext-routeviewer/routeviewer-ui/node_modules/

.idea/copilot.data.migration.agent.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="AgentMigrationStateService">
+    <option name="migrationStatus" value="COMPLETED" />
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/copilot.data.migration.ask.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="AskMigrationStateService">
+    <option name="migrationStatus" value="COMPLETED" />
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/copilot.data.migration.ask2agent.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="Ask2AgentMigrationStateService">
+    <option name="migrationStatus" value="COMPLETED" />
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/copilot.data.migration.edit.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="EditMigrationStateService">
+    <option name="migrationStatus" value="COMPLETED" />
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/encodings.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="Encoding">
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-bench/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-bench/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-api/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-api/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-hibernate/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-hibernate/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-jdbc/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-jdbc/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-data/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-data/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-jackson/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-jackson/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-openapi/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-openapi/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-routeviewer/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-routeviewer/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-view-core/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-view-core/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-view-jte/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-view-jte/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-view-thymeleaf/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-view-thymeleaf/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-view/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-view/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-web-bundler/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/flash-ext-web-bundler/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash-extensions/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/flash/src/main/resources" charset="UTF-8" />
+    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/src/main/java" charset="UTF-8" />
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+    </task>
+    <task id="LOCAL-00013" summary="refactor: rename packages and files to use 'flash' prefix for consistency">
+      <option name="closed" value="true" />
+      <created>1777199691803</created>
+      <option name="number" value="00013" />
+      <option name="presentableId" value="LOCAL-00013" />
+      <option name="project" value="LOCAL" />
+      <updated>1777199691804</updated>
+    </task>
+    <task id="LOCAL-00014" summary="fix: enhance global key validation and update template parameters">
+      <option name="closed" value="true" />
+      <created>1777451475753</created>
+      <option name="number" value="00014" />
+      <option name="presentableId" value="LOCAL-00014" />
+      <option name="project" value="LOCAL" />
+      <updated>1777451475753</updated>
+    </task>
+    <task id="LOCAL-00015" summary="feat: introduce WebSocket support with new endpoints and transaction propagation enhancements">
+      <option name="closed" value="true" />
+      <created>1778508899541</created>
+      <option name="number" value="00015" />
+      <option name="presentableId" value="LOCAL-00015" />
+      <option name="project" value="LOCAL" />
+      <updated>1778508899541</updated>
+    </task>
+    <option name="localTasksCounter" value="16" />
+    <servers />
+  </component>
+  <component name="TypeScriptGeneratedFilesManager">
+    <option name="version" value="3" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="Vcs.Log.Tabs.Properties">
+    <option name="TAB_STATES">
+      <map>
+        <entry key="MAIN">
+          <value>
+            <State>
+              <option name="FILTERS">
+                <map>
+                  <entry key="branch">
+                    <value>
+                      <list>
+                        <option value="claude/distracted-spence" />
+                      </list>
+                    </value>
+                  </entry>
+                </map>
+              </option>
+            </State>
+          </value>
+        </entry>
+      </map>
+    </option>
+  </component>
+  <component name="VcsManagerConfiguration">
+    <MESSAGE value="Initial" />
+    <MESSAGE value="pre-module refactor" />
+    <MESSAGE value="refactored, pre-buffer reuse" />
+    <MESSAGE value="optimized dynamic body size impl, decluttering javadocs/comments" />
+    <MESSAGE value="enhanced HTTP server configuration and response handling; added acceptorThreads, improved header management, and refined error page titles" />
+    <MESSAGE value="multipart parsing, request body access, and chunked input stream support" />
+    <MESSAGE value="enhanced router middleware support; added pre-fused middleware handling and improved handler registration" />
+    <MESSAGE value="pre-major refactoring + ext api." />
+    <MESSAGE value="preparing for a conceptual refactoring..." />
+    <MESSAGE value="preparing for another refactoring..." />
+    <MESSAGE value="implement OpenAPI contributor integration for rate limiting and response headers" />
+    <MESSAGE value="add core view extension with JTE and Thymeleaf support" />
+    <MESSAGE value="refactor: rename packages and files to use 'flash' prefix for consistency" />
+    <MESSAGE value="fix: enhance global key validation and update template parameters" />
+    <MESSAGE value="chore(release): prepare 2.1.0-SNAPSHOT" />
+    <MESSAGE value="feat: introduce Spec and Query interfaces with transaction propagation enhancements" />
+    <MESSAGE value="feat: introduce WebSocket support with new endpoints and transaction propagation enhancements" />
+    <option name="LAST_COMMIT_MESSAGE" value="feat: introduce WebSocket support with new endpoints and transaction propagation enhancements" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="XSLT-Support.FileAssociations.UIState">
+    <expand />
+    <select />
+  </component>
+  <component name="github-copilot-workspace">
+    <instructionFileLocations>
+      <option value=".github/instructions" />
+    </instructionFileLocations>
+    <promptFileLocations>
+      <option value=".github/prompts" />
+    </promptFileLocations>
+  </component>
+</project>

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+# Flash — Agent Guidelines
+
+This document defines the conventions and rules that all agents (AI or human) must follow
+when working on this repository. Read it entirely before making any change.
+
+---
+
+## Git Workflow
+
+### Branch Naming
+
+| Type | Pattern | Example |
+|------|---------|---------|
+| New feature | `feature/<scope>/<short-description>` | `feature/ext-oidc/pkce-support` |
+| Bug fix | `fix/<scope>/<short-description>` | `fix/core/router-npe` |
+| Hotfix on released version | `hotfix/<version>/<short-description>` | `hotfix/2.0.1/auth-bypass` |
+| CI/infra changes | `feature/ci/<short-description>` | `feature/ci/add-snapshot-workflow` |
+
+Rules:
+- Always branch from `master`.
+- Branch names are lowercase, words separated by `-`.
+- Never push directly to `master`.
+- Never create `develop`, `release/*`, or any other long-lived branch.
+
+### Commit Messages — Conventional Commits
+
+Format: `<type>(<scope>): <short description>`
+
+| Type | When to use |
+|------|-------------|
+| `feat` | New feature |
+| `fix` | Bug fix |
+| `refactor` | Code change without feature/fix |
+| `test` | Adding or updating tests |
+| `docs` | Documentation only |
+| `chore` | Build, deps, tooling — no production code |
+| `ci` | Changes to GitHub Actions workflows |
+
+Allowed scopes: `core`, `ext-jackson`, `ext-openapi`, `ext-oidc`, `ext-routeviewer`,
+`ext-view-core`, `ext-view-jte`, `ext-view-thymeleaf`, `ext-limiter`, `ext-web-bundler`,
+`ext-data-core`, `ext-data-jdbc`, `ext-data-hibernate`, `release`, `deps`, `ci`.
+
+Examples:
+```
+feat(ext-oidc): add PKCE support
+fix(core): fix NPE in RouteHandler when path is null
+chore(deps): upgrade jackson to 2.18.0
+ci: add timeout to snapshot workflow
+chore(release): 2.1.0
+```
+
+### Pull Requests
+
+- Every branch must be merged via PR, never with a direct push.
+- PR title must follow Conventional Commits format.
+- CI (`ci.yml`) must be green before merging.
+- Squash merge is preferred for `feature/*` and `fix/*` to keep history clean.
+- Merge commit is preferred for hotfixes (preserves the fix commit intact).
+
+---
+
+## Versioning
+
+- All modules share a single version defined in the root `pom.xml` (`flash-parent`).
+- Never change the version in child POMs — always and only in the parent.
+- Current scheme: `MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH`
+  - MAJOR: breaking API changes
+  - MINOR: new backward-compatible features
+  - PATCH: backward-compatible bug fixes on an already-released version
+- During development, master always carries a `-SNAPSHOT` version.
+- **Never manually edit the version** — versions are bumped exclusively by the
+  `prepare-release` GitHub Actions workflow.
+
+### Release Process (for maintainers only)
+
+1. Ensure `master` is green (CI passing).
+2. Go to GitHub Actions → `Prepare Release` → `Run workflow`.
+3. Input `version` (e.g. `2.1.0`) and `next_version` (e.g. `2.2.0`).
+4. The workflow handles everything: bump, commit, tag, push.
+5. The `release` workflow then triggers automatically on the tag.
+
+---
+
+## Maven & Module Structure
+
+- Root POM: `flash-parent` — defines all dependency versions and plugin config.
+- `flash` module: the core framework JAR.
+- `flash-extensions` POM: aggregator for all extension modules.
+- Extensions live under `flash-extensions/flash-ext-*/`.
+- When adding a new extension:
+  1. Add the module to `flash-extensions/pom.xml` `<modules>`.
+  2. Add the dependency to `flash-extensions/pom.xml` `<dependencyManagement>`.
+  3. Add the dependency to the root `pom.xml` `<dependencyManagement>`.
+  4. Do **not** declare a `<version>` in the new module's POM — it inherits from the parent.
+
+---
+
+## CI/CD Pipelines
+
+| Workflow | Trigger | What it does |
+|----------|---------|--------------|
+| `ci.yml` | Push to any branch, PR to master | Compile + test — required gate |
+| `snapshot.yml` | Push to `master` | Deploy `-SNAPSHOT` to `maven.relism.dev/snapshots` |
+| `prepare-release.yml` | Manual `workflow_dispatch` | Bump version, commit, tag, push |
+| `release.yml` | Push of tag `v*` | GPG sign, deploy to `/releases`, JavaDoc to GitHub Pages, GitHub Release |
+
+**Agents must never manually trigger `prepare-release` or modify version strings.**
+
+---
+
+## What Agents Must NOT Do
+
+- Push directly to `master` or `gh-pages`.
+- Manually edit `<version>` tags in any POM.
+- Add new `<repositories>` or `<distributionManagement>` entries without explicit instruction.
+- Modify `.github/workflows/*.yml` files without explicit instruction.
+- Commit generated files (`target/`, `*.class`, `*.versionsBackup`).
+- Use `git push --force` on any branch.

CNAME

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-flash.javadocs.relism.dev

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+# Flash
+
+A high-performance HTTP/1.1 server library for Java 21, built around virtual threads and a zero-allocation FSM router.
+
+## Modules
+
+| Module | Description |
+|---|---|
+| `flash` | Core server library — router, request parser, HTTP I/O transport |
+| `flash-extensions/flash-ext-jackson` | Jackson JSON integration |
+| `flash-extensions/flash-ext-openapi` | OpenAPI 3.0 spec + Swagger UI |
+| `flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc` | OIDC Authorization Code + PKCE flow |
+| `flash-extensions/flash-ext-view-core` | Minimal shared SSR runtime primitives |
+| `flash-extensions/flash-ext-view-jte` | Opinionated jte SSR extension |
+| `flash-extensions/flash-ext-view-thymeleaf` | Opinionated Thymeleaf SSR extension |
+| `flash-bench` | Demo harness (OIDC + OpenAPI + Jackson) |
+
+## Requirements
+
+- Java 21+
+- Maven 3.8+
+
+## Quick start
+
+```java
+FlashApp.create(8080)
+    .get("/ping", (req, res) -> "pong")
+    .start();
+```
+
+With full configuration:
+
+```java
+FlashApp.create(
+    FlashConfiguration.builder()
+        .port(8080)
+        .host("0.0.0.0")
+        .maxHeaderBufferSize(65536)
+        .build()
+)
+.get("/ping", (req, res) -> "pong")
+.start();
+```
+
+## Route registration
+
+### Lambda routes
+
+```java
+FlashApp app = FlashApp.create(8080);
+
+app.get("/hello", (req, res) -> "world");
+
+app.post("/echo", (req, res) -> {
+    byte[] body = req.body().bytes();
+    return res.status(200).body(body);
+});
+
+app.get("/users/{id}", (req, res) -> {
+    String id = req.pathParam("id");
+    return "user:" + id;
+});
+```
+
+### Class-based handlers
+
+Extend `RequestHandler` (or a subclass like `JacksonHandler`) and annotate with `@Route`:
+
+```java
+@Route(method = HttpMethod.GET, path = "/api/users")
+public class ListUsers extends JacksonHandler {
+    @Override
+    public Object handle(Request req, Response res) throws Exception {
+        return json(res, List.of("alice", "bob"));
+    }
+}
+
+// Register:
+app.register(new ListUsers());
+```
+
+### Middleware
+
+Apply middleware via `.with()` on the `RouteHandle` returned by any registration call:
+
+```java
+Middleware authCheck = next -> (req, res) -> {
+    if (req.header("Authorization") == null)
+        return res.status(401).body("Unauthorized");
+    return next.handle(req, res);
+};
+
+app.get("/secure", (req, res) -> "secret data")
+   .with(authCheck);
+```
+
+Multiple middlewares are composed outermost-first (left-to-right in the call):
+
+```java
+app.get("/admin", handler).with(logging, auth, rateLimit);
+// execution order: logging → auth → rateLimit → handler
+```
+
+### Classpath scan
+
+Scans a package for classes that extend `RequestHandler` and carry `@Route`. Each is
+instantiated via its public no-arg constructor:
+
+```java
+app.scan("dev.example.handlers");
+```
+
+### Namespace mounting
+
+Mount a scoped sub-router under a prefix. All routes registered inside the scope get the
+prefix prepended automatically. The scope inherits the parent's extension context (annotation
+processors, services):
+
+```java
+app.mount("/api", scope -> {
+    scope.get("/health", (req, res) -> "ok");          // → GET /api/health
+    scope.register(new UserHandler());                  // @Route(path="/users") → GET /api/users
+    scope.scan("dev.example.api");
+});
+```
+
+## Extensions
+
+Extensions are installed before route registration. Each extension receives the `FlashRegistrar`
+and `FlashContext` — it can register routes, expose services, and register annotation processors.
+
+```java
+FlashApp.create(8080)
+    .install(new JacksonExtension())
+    .install(new OpenApiExtension("/openapi", "My API", "1.0.0"))
+    .install(new OidcExtension(oidcConfig))
+    .register(new MyHandler())
+    .start();
+```
+
+See extension-specific READMEs for full details:
+- [`flash-ext-jackson`](flash-extensions/flash-ext-jackson/README.md)
+- [`flash-ext-openapi`](flash-extensions/flash-ext-openapi/README.md)
+- [`flash-ext-oidc`](flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/README.md)
+- [`flash-ext-view-jte`](flash-extensions/flash-ext-view-jte/README.md)
+- [`flash-ext-view-thymeleaf`](flash-extensions/flash-ext-view-thymeleaf/README.md)
+
+## Error handlers
+
+```java
+app.onNotFound((req, res) -> res.status(404).body("Not found: " + req.path()));
+
+app.onException((ex, req, res) -> {
+    if (ex instanceof IllegalArgumentException)
+        return res.status(400).body(ex.getMessage());
+    return res.status(500).body("Internal error");
+});
+```
+
+## FlashConfiguration
+
+| Field | Default | Description |
+|---|---|---|
+| `port` | — | TCP port to bind |
+| `host` | `"0.0.0.0"` | Bind address |
+| `tls` | `null` | TLS for the default listener — see [TLS](#tls) |
+| `listeners` | `[]` | Multiple bind targets (port + host + optional TLS) on one app — see [TLS](#tls) |
+| `maxHeaderBufferSize` | `65536` | Max size of the header buffer (bytes) |
+
+## TLS
+
+HTTPS and WSS are a transport-layer concern only: once a listener is bound, the accepted
+`Socket` is either plain or an `SSLSocket` indistinguishably from `HttpServer`'s point of view
+onward — the request parser, router, and WebSocket upgrade never branch on it. WSS is therefore
+not a separate feature; it's a WebSocket upgrade running over whatever transport it was handed.
+
+### Quick start
+
+```java
+FlashApp.create(FlashConfiguration.builder()
+        .port(443)
+        .tls(TlsConfig.keystore(Path.of("cert.p12"), "changeit"))
+        .build())
+    .get("/ping", (req, res) -> "pong")   // HTTPS
+    .ws("/live", handler)                 // WSS, same route API
+    .start();
+```
+
+### Multiple listeners
+
+One app can bind any number of ports, each independently plain or TLS:
+
+```java
+FlashApp.create(FlashConfiguration.builder()
+        .listener(new FlashConfiguration.Listener(80))                                   // plain
+        .listener(new FlashConfiguration.Listener(443, TlsConfig.keystore(cert, pass)))  // TLS
+        .build());
+```
+
+A non-empty `listeners` list takes precedence over the top-level `port`/`host`/`tls` fields.
+Each listener gets its own accept threads; the router, WS router, and virtual-thread executor
+are shared by all of them — one app, N ports.
+
+### `TlsConfig`
+
+| Factory | Use |
+|---|---|
+| `TlsConfig.keystore(Path, String)` | Builds the `SSLContext` from a PKCS12/JKS keystore (type guessed from the extension). Pins `TLSv1.2`/`TLSv1.3` as enabled protocols; cipher suites are left at the JDK's own curated default. |
+| `TlsConfig.ofContext(SSLContext)` | Escape hatch — the given `SSLContext` is used exactly as built. Flash never calls `setSSLParameters` on this path beyond what you explicitly request via `clientAuth`/`applicationProtocols`, so anything else you configured (custom `KeyManager`, ALPN, cipher suites) is authoritative. |
+
+Chainable on either factory:
+
+```java
+TlsConfig.keystore(cert, pass)
+    .clientAuth(ClientAuth.REQUIRE)                    // mTLS: NONE (default) | OPTIONAL | REQUIRE
+    .applicationProtocols("acme-tls/1", "http/1.1")    // ALPN, in preference order
+```
+
+**SNI** falls out of `keystore()` for free: a keystore holding more than one certificate entry
+is matched against the requested hostname by each certificate's SAN (falling back to CN) — no
+per-hostname config. The first entry in the keystore is the default when SNI is absent or
+matches nothing (same convention as nginx/HAProxy's `default_server`).
+
+**ALPN and custom certificate selection** (e.g. TLS-ALPN-01 / RFC 8737 for on-demand ACME
+issuance): ALPN is resolved while consuming `ClientHello`/producing `ServerHello`, which always
+precedes `Certificate` production. A custom `X509ExtendedKeyManager` passed via `ofContext`
+can therefore read `engine.getHandshakeApplicationProtocol()` (or
+`((SSLSocket) socket).getHandshakeApplicationProtocol()`) inside
+`chooseEngineServerAlias`/`chooseServerAlias` — the negotiated protocol is already resolved by
+then, so the certificate decision can key off it.
+
+**mTLS with a private CA**: `clientAuth(...)` only requests/requires a client certificate;
+`keystore()` deliberately doesn't expose a way to configure which CAs are trusted for that
+certificate (it uses the JDK default trust store). For a private CA, build the `SSLContext`
+yourself with a `TrustManagerFactory` and use `ofContext(...)`.
+
+### Reading TLS info from a request
+
+```java
+app.get("/whoami", (req, res) -> {
+    if (!req.isSecure()) return "plain";
+    SSLSession session = req.sslSession();          // null iff !isSecure()
+    X509Certificate peer = (X509Certificate) session.getPeerCertificates()[0]; // mTLS only
+    return session.getCipherSuite() + " / " + session.getProtocol();
+});
+```
+
+`Request.isSecure()` / `Request.sslSession()` cost nothing extra per request: the `SSLSocket`
+reference is threaded through once per connection (same mechanism as `remoteAddress()`), and
+`sslSession()` only calls `SSLSocket#getSession()` — a cached-field read once the handshake
+that got the request this far has already completed, never a forced handshake.
+
+`WebSocketSession` mirrors this exactly (`isSecure()`, `sslSession()`) by delegating to the
+upgrading `Request` — no separate TLS state is tracked for WS.
+
+## Architecture
+
+```
+ServerSocket.accept()
+  → RequestParser.parse()       # zero-alloc header parsing, buffer reuse across keep-alive
+  → GlobalRouter.route()        # two-tier: mounted sub-routers (longest prefix) then FastPathRouterImpl
+  → RequestHandler.handle()     # user handler; return value sets body
+  → Request.drain()             # consume unread body for keep-alive
+  → HttpServer writes response  # status line, headers, then fixed or chunked body
+  → loop or close socket        # based on Connection header
+```
+
+- **Virtual threads** — each accepted socket runs on a virtual thread (`Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor()`). Java 21 required.
+- **Zero-allocation router** — `FastPathRouterImpl` uses `fpr-core`, a byte-level FSM that matches on `METHOD + path` bytes with no per-request allocation.
+- **Keep-alive** — `RequestParser` reuses its header buffer across requests on the same connection.
+- **Chunked transfer** — both chunked request bodies (decoded via `ChunkedInputStream`) and chunked response bodies are supported.
+- **TLS is transport-only** — see [TLS](#tls). Listeners bind either a plain `ServerSocket` or an `SSLServerSocket`; nothing downstream of `accept()` branches on which.
+
+## Build & test
+
+```bash
+# Build all modules (skip tests)
+mvn clean package -DskipTests
+
+# Run all tests
+mvn test
+
+# Run a single test class
+mvn test -pl flash -Dtest=RequestParserTest
+
+# Run the benchmark demo server
+java -jar flash-bench/target/flash-bench-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
+```

benchmarks/websocket/benchmark.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+config:
+  target: "ws://localhost:8080/echo"
+  engines:
+    ws: {}
+  phases:
+    - duration: 30
+      arrivalRate: 50
+      rampTo: 500
+      name: "Riscaldamento progressivo"
+    - duration: 120
+      arrivalRate: 1000  # 1000 nuovi utenti al secondo
+      name: "Carico Estremo"
+  ensure:
+    maxErrorRate: 5
+    p99: 150
+
+scenarios:
+  - name: "Saturazione Totale"
+    engine: ws
+    flow:
+      - loop:
+          - send: "Benchmark data"
+          # Rimosso il 'think' per eliminare il limite artificiale di 10msg/s per utente
+        count: 100 # Ogni utente spara a raffica 100 messaggi senza pause

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/docs/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# flash-ext-data-core
+
+Core comune per il layer dati di Flash.
+
+## Scopo
+
+Questo modulo definisce il contratto transazionale condiviso tra le implementazioni backend.
+Non parla con Hibernate o JDBC direttamente: espone solo astrazioni e un runtime minimale.
+
+## Componenti
+
+- `TxDefinition`: metadata immutabile della transazione.
+- `TxStatus`: stato runtime restituito dal manager.
+- `TxManager`: contratto per `begin`, `commit`, `rollback`.
+- `Tx`: orchestration runtime e stack transazionale per thread.
+- `ResourceRegistry`: storage thread-local di risorse e synchronizations.
+- `Repository<T, ID>`: base repository auto-transazionale.
+- `Spec<T>`: predicato componibile.
+- `Query<T>`: oggetto query con spec, sort e paging.
+- `SpecBuilder<T>`: DSL fluente per costruire spec tipizzate.
+- `RepositorySupport<T, ID>`: helper interno condiviso.
+- `TransactionPropagation`: semantica di propagazione.
+- `TransactionIsolation`: livello di isolamento.
+- `TxSynchronization`: hook lifecycle.
+
+## Modello di esecuzione
+
+Il flusso è:
+
+1. `Tx.call(definition, work)` chiama `TxManager.begin(definition)`.
+2. Il `TxManager` crea un `TxStatus` backend-specific.
+3. Lo status viene pushato nello stack thread-local.
+4. Il lavoro usa `Tx.resource(Class)` per ottenere la risorsa corrente.
+5. A fine lavoro `Tx` decide tra `commit` e `rollback`.
+6. Lo stack viene poppato e il thread-local viene pulito se vuoto.
+
+## Propagation supportata
+
+- `REQUIRED`: usa la tx attiva oppure ne apre una nuova.
+- `REQUIRES_NEW`: sospende la tx corrente e apre una nuova tx.
+- `SUPPORTS`: se esiste una tx attiva si aggancia, altrimenti esegue senza tx.
+- `NOT_SUPPORTED`: sospende la tx corrente ed esegue senza tx.
+- `MANDATORY`: richiede una tx attiva.
+
+## Uso di `Repository`
+
+`Repository` è la base comune per le repository concrete.
+Ogni operazione pubblica usa internamente una tx `REQUIRED` o `REQUIRED` read-only.
+
+Le sottoclassi implementano i metodi `doXxx(...)` del nuovo modello:
+
+- `doFind(Query<T>)`
+- `doFindOne(Spec<T>)`
+- `doFindPage(Query<T>)`
+- `doDeleteAll(Spec<T>)`
+- `doUpdateAll(Spec<T>, T)`
+
+I vecchi overload di `findAll(...)` e `findPage(...)` sono stati ridotti a una combinazione di `Query<T>` e `Spec<T>`.
+
+```java
+public abstract class Repository<T, ID> {
+    protected Repository(Tx tx) { ... }
+    protected final <R> R tx(Tx.TxCallable<R> work) { ... }
+}
+```
+
+## Composizione con Flash
+
+`DataExtension` registra:
+
+- `Tx` nel `FlashContext`
+- `TxManager` nel `FlashContext`
+- un annotation processor per `@Transactional`
+
+Questo rende il layer dati componibile con il sistema di extension di Flash senza stato globale.
+
+## Note implementative
+
+- Lo stack transazionale è thread-local e viene ripulito quando torna vuoto.
+- Le risorse backend sono sospese e ripristinate per `REQUIRES_NEW` e `NOT_SUPPORTED`.
+- `TxSynchronization` è il punto di aggancio per hook di commit/rollback/completion.

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+        <artifactId>flash-extensions</artifactId>
+        <version>2.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <artifactId>flash-ext-data-core</artifactId>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+            <artifactId>flash</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>jakarta.transaction</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jakarta.transaction-api</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>jakarta.annotation</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jakarta.annotation-api</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>jakarta.validation</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jakarta.validation-api</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <properties>
+        <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
+        <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
+        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+        <jacoco.version>0.8.12</jacoco.version>
+    </properties>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
+                <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${jacoco.version}</version>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <id>jacoco-initialize</id>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                    <execution>
+                        <id>jacoco-site</id>
+                        <phase>verify</phase>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>report</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                        <configuration>
+                            <rules>
+                                <rule>
+                                    <element>BUNDLE</element>
+                                    <limits>
+                                        <limit>
+                                            <counter>LINE</counter>
+                                            <value>COVEREDRATIO</value>
+                                            <minimum>0.80</minimum>
+                                        </limit>
+                                    </limits>
+                                </rule>
+                            </rules>
+                        </configuration>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>3.2.5</version>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+</project>

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/DataExtension.java

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.Tx;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.TxDefinition;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.TxManager;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.TransactionPropagation;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.ExtensionPhase;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashContext;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashExtension;
+import dev.relism.flash.routing.Middleware;
+import jakarta.transaction.Transactional;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public final class DataExtension implements FlashExtension {
+    private final TxManager txManager;
+    private final Tx tx;
+
+    public DataExtension(TxManager txManager) {
+        this.txManager = Objects.requireNonNull(txManager);
+        this.tx = new Tx(txManager);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void provide(FlashContext ctx) {
+        ctx.provide(Tx.class, tx);
+        ctx.provide(TxManager.class, txManager);
+        ctx.addAnnotationProcessor(handlerClass -> {
+            Transactional ann = handlerClass.getAnnotation(Transactional.class);
+            if (ann == null) {
+                return List.of();
+            }
+            TxDefinition definition = TxDefinition.DEFAULTS
+                    .withPropagation(mapTxType(ann.value()));
+            Middleware middleware = next -> (req, res) -> {
+                return tx.call(definition, () -> next.handle(req, res));
+            };
+            return List.of(middleware);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int priority() {
+        return ExtensionPhase.EARLY.value;
+    }
+
+    private TransactionPropagation mapTxType(Transactional.TxType txType) {
+        return switch (txType) {
+            case REQUIRED -> TransactionPropagation.REQUIRED;
+            case REQUIRES_NEW -> TransactionPropagation.REQUIRES_NEW;
+            case SUPPORTS -> TransactionPropagation.SUPPORTS;
+            case MANDATORY -> TransactionPropagation.MANDATORY;
+            case NOT_SUPPORTED, NEVER -> TransactionPropagation.NOT_SUPPORTED;
+        };
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/Page.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public record Page<T>(
+        List<T> content,
+        int     page,
+        int     size,
+        long    total
+) {
+    public int  totalPages()   { return size == 0 ? 0 : (int) Math.ceil((double) total / size); }
+    public boolean hasNext()   { return page + 1 < totalPages(); }
+    public boolean hasPrev()   { return page > 0; }
+    public boolean isEmpty()   { return content.isEmpty(); }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/Query.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+public record Query<T>(Spec<T> spec, Sort sort, Integer page, Integer size) {
+    public Query {
+        spec = spec == null ? Spec.all() : spec;
+        sort = sort == null ? Sort.unsorted() : sort;
+    }
+
+    public static <T> Query<T> all() {
+        return new Query<>(Spec.all(), Sort.unsorted(), null, null);
+    }
+
+    public Query<T> where(Spec<T> spec) {
+        return new Query<>(spec, sort, page, size);
+    }
+
+    public Query<T> orderBy(Sort sort) {
+        return new Query<>(spec, sort, page, size);
+    }
+
+    public Query<T> page(int page, int size) {
+        return new Query<>(spec, sort, page, size);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isPaged() {
+        return page != null && size != null;
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/Repository.java

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public abstract class Repository<T, ID> extends RepositorySupport<T, ID> {
+
+    protected Repository(Tx tx) {
+        super(tx);
+    }
+
+    public Optional<T> findById(ID id) {
+        return roQuery(() -> doFindById(id));
+    }
+
+    public boolean existsById(ID id) {
+        return roQuery(() -> doExistsById(id));
+    }
+
+    public long count() {
+        return roQuery(this::doCount);
+    }
+
+    public List<T> findAll() {
+        return findAll(Query.all());
+    }
+
+    public List<T> findAll(Spec<T> spec) {
+        return findAll(Query.<T>all().where(spec));
+    }
+
+    public List<T> findAll(Query<T> query) {
+        return roQuery(() -> doFind(query));
+    }
+
+    public Page<T> findPage(Query<T> query) {
+        return roQuery(() -> doFindPage(query));
+    }
+
+    public Optional<T> findOne(Spec<T> spec) {
+        return roQuery(() -> doFindOne(spec));
+    }
+
+    public T save(T entity) {
+        return rwQuery(() -> doSave(entity));
+    }
+
+    public T update(T entity) {
+        return rwQuery(() -> doUpdate(entity));
+    }
+
+    public List<T> saveAll(Iterable<T> entities) {
+        return rwQuery(() -> doSaveAll(entities));
+    }
+
+    public void delete(T entity) {
+        rwQuery(() -> {
+            doDelete(entity);
+            return null;
+        });
+    }
+
+    public void deleteById(ID id) {
+        rwQuery(() -> {
+            doDeleteById(id);
+            return null;
+        });
+    }
+
+    public int deleteAll(Spec<T> spec) {
+        return rwQuery(() -> doDeleteAll(spec));
+    }
+
+    public int updateAll(Spec<T> spec, T patch) {
+        return rwQuery(() -> doUpdateAll(spec, patch));
+    }
+
+    public List<T> findAll(int page, int size) {
+        return findAll(Query.<T>all().page(page, size));
+    }
+
+    public List<T> findAll(Sort sort) {
+        return findAll(Query.<T>all().orderBy(sort));
+    }
+
+    public List<T> findAll(int page, int size, Sort sort) {
+        return findAll(Query.<T>all().orderBy(sort).page(page, size));
+    }
+
+    public Page<T> findPage(int page, int size) {
+        return findPage(Query.<T>all().page(page, size));
+    }
+
+    public Page<T> findPage(int page, int size, Sort sort) {
+        return findPage(Query.<T>all().orderBy(sort).page(page, size));
+    }
+
+    public void deleteAll(Iterable<T> entities) {
+        rwQuery(() -> {
+            for (T entity : entities) {
+                doDelete(entity);
+            }
+            return null;
+        });
+    }
+
+    protected abstract Optional<T> doFindById(ID id);
+    protected abstract List<T> doFind(Query<T> query);
+    protected abstract Optional<T> doFindOne(Spec<T> spec);
+    protected abstract Page<T> doFindPage(Query<T> query);
+    protected abstract boolean doExistsById(ID id);
+    protected abstract long doCount();
+    protected abstract T doSave(T entity);
+    protected abstract List<T> doSaveAll(Iterable<T> entities);
+    protected abstract T doUpdate(T entity);
+    protected abstract void doDelete(T entity);
+    protected abstract void doDeleteById(ID id);
+    protected abstract int doDeleteAll(Spec<T> spec);
+    protected abstract int doUpdateAll(Spec<T> spec, T patch);
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/RepositorySupport.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+public abstract class RepositorySupport<T, ID> {
+    private final Tx tx;
+    private final TxDefinition rw = TxDefinition.DEFAULTS
+            .withPropagation(TransactionPropagation.REQUIRED);
+    private final TxDefinition ro = rw.asReadOnly();
+
+    protected RepositorySupport(Tx tx) {
+        this.tx = tx;
+    }
+
+    protected final Tx tx() {
+        return tx;
+    }
+
+    protected final <R> R roQuery(Tx.TxCallable<R> work) {
+        return tx.call(ro, work);
+    }
+
+    protected final <R> R rwQuery(Tx.TxCallable<R> work) {
+        return tx.call(rw, work);
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/ResourceRegistry.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public final class ResourceRegistry {
+    private static final ThreadLocal<Map<TxResourceKey, Object>> RESOURCES =
+            ThreadLocal.withInitial(HashMap::new);
+    private static final ThreadLocal<List<TxSynchronization>> SYNCHRONIZATIONS =
+            ThreadLocal.withInitial(ArrayList::new);
+
+    private ResourceRegistry() {}
+
+    public static void bind(TxResourceKey key, Object value) {
+        RESOURCES.get().put(key, Objects.requireNonNull(value));
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isBound(TxResourceKey key) {
+        return RESOURCES.get().containsKey(key);
+    }
+
+    public static void unbind(TxResourceKey key) {
+        RESOURCES.get().remove(key);
+    }
+
+    public static void clear() {
+        RESOURCES.get().clear();
+        SYNCHRONIZATIONS.get().clear();
+    }
+
+    public static void cleanup() {
+        RESOURCES.remove();
+        SYNCHRONIZATIONS.remove();
+    }
+
+    public static <R> R get(TxResourceKey key, Class<R> type) {
+        Object value = RESOURCES.get().get(key);
+        if (value == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("No resource bound for key: " + key);
+        }
+        return type.cast(value);
+    }
+
+    public static <R> R getOrNull(TxResourceKey key, Class<R> type) {
+        Object value = RESOURCES.get().get(key);
+        return value == null ? null : type.cast(value);
+    }
+
+    public static void addSynchronization(TxSynchronization sync) {
+        SYNCHRONIZATIONS.get().add(Objects.requireNonNull(sync));
+    }
+
+    public static void fireSynchronizations(TxOutcome outcome) {
+        List<TxSynchronization> syncs = List.copyOf(SYNCHRONIZATIONS.get());
+        SYNCHRONIZATIONS.get().clear();
+        for (TxSynchronization sync : syncs) {
+            if (outcome == TxOutcome.COMMITTED) {
+                sync.afterCommit();
+            } else {
+                sync.afterRollback();
+            }
+            sync.afterCompletion(outcome);
+        }
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/Sort.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public record Sort(List<Column> columns) {
+
+    public record Column(String column, boolean asc) {}
+
+    public static Sort unsorted() { return new Sort(List.of()); }
+
+    public boolean isSorted() { return !columns.isEmpty(); }
+
+    public static Sort by(String column)          { return new Sort(List.of(new Column(column, true))); }
+    public static Sort desc(String column)        { return new Sort(List.of(new Column(column, false))); }
+    public static Sort by(String col, boolean asc){ return new Sort(List.of(new Column(col, asc))); }
+
+    public Sort then(String column)               { return thenBy(column, true); }
+    public Sort thenDesc(String column)           { return thenBy(column, false); }
+
+    private Sort thenBy(String column, boolean asc) {
+        List<Column> next = new ArrayList<>(columns);
+        next.add(new Column(column, asc));
+        return new Sort(next);
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/Spec.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+@FunctionalInterface
+public interface Spec<T> {
+    String toFragment(SpecContext ctx);
+
+    default Spec<T> and(Spec<T> other) {
+        return ctx -> "(" + this.toFragment(ctx) + " AND " + other.toFragment(ctx) + ")";
+    }
+
+    default Spec<T> or(Spec<T> other) {
+        return ctx -> "(" + this.toFragment(ctx) + " OR " + other.toFragment(ctx) + ")";
+    }
+
+    default Spec<T> not() {
+        return ctx -> "NOT (" + this.toFragment(ctx) + ")";
+    }
+
+    static <T> Spec<T> all() {
+        return ctx -> "1=1";
+    }
+
+    static <T> Spec<T> none() {
+        return ctx -> "1=0";
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/SpecBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public final class SpecBuilder<T> {
+    private SpecBuilder() {}
+
+    public static <T, V> FieldSpec<T, V> field(String column) {
+        return new FieldSpec<>(column);
+    }
+
+    public static final class FieldSpec<T, V> {
+        private final String column;
+
+        private FieldSpec(String column) {
+            this.column = Objects.requireNonNull(column);
+        }
+
+        public Spec<T> eq(V value) { return ctx -> column + " = " + ctx.bind(value); }
+        public Spec<T> neq(V value) { return ctx -> column + " != " + ctx.bind(value); }
+        public Spec<T> like(String pattern) { return ctx -> column + " like " + ctx.bind(pattern); }
+        public Spec<T> isNull() { return ctx -> column + " is null"; }
+        public Spec<T> isNotNull() { return ctx -> column + " is not null"; }
+
+        public Spec<T> in(Collection<V> values) {
+            return ctx -> column + " in (" + values.stream().map(ctx::bind).collect(Collectors.joining(", ")) + ")";
+        }
+
+        public <C extends Comparable<C>> Spec<T> gt(C value) { return ctx -> column + " > " + ctx.bind(value); }
+        public <C extends Comparable<C>> Spec<T> lt(C value) { return ctx -> column + " < " + ctx.bind(value); }
+        public <C extends Comparable<C>> Spec<T> between(C lo, C hi) {
+            return ctx -> column + " between " + ctx.bind(lo) + " and " + ctx.bind(hi);
+        }
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/SpecContext.java

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+public interface SpecContext {
+    String bind(Object value);
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/TransactionIsolation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+public enum TransactionIsolation {
+    DEFAULT(-1),
+    READ_UNCOMMITTED(1),
+    READ_COMMITTED(2),
+    REPEATABLE_READ(4),
+    SERIALIZABLE(8);
+
+    private final int level;
+
+    TransactionIsolation(int level) { this.level = level; }
+    public int level() { return level; }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/TransactionPropagation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+public enum TransactionPropagation {
+    REQUIRED,
+    REQUIRES_NEW,
+    SUPPORTS,
+    NOT_SUPPORTED,
+    MANDATORY
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/Tx.java

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public final class Tx {
+    private static final ThreadLocal<Deque<TxStatus>> STATUS_STACK =
+            ThreadLocal.withInitial(ArrayDeque::new);
+    private final TxManager manager;
+
+    public Tx(TxManager txManager) {
+        this.manager = Objects.requireNonNull(txManager);
+    }
+
+    public void run(TxRunnable work) {
+        run(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS, work);
+    }
+
+    public void run(TxDefinition definition, TxRunnable work) {
+        call(definition, () -> {
+            work.run();
+            return null;
+        });
+    }
+
+    public <T> T call(TxCallable<T> work) {
+        return call(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS, work);
+    }
+
+    public <T> T call(TxDefinition definition, TxCallable<T> work) {
+        TxStatus status = manager.begin(definition);
+        pushStatus(status);
+        try {
+            T result = work.call();
+            if (status.isRollbackOnly()) {
+                manager.rollback(status);
+            } else {
+                manager.commit(status);
+            }
+            return result;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            silentRollback(status);
+            throw (e instanceof TxException txException) ? txException : new TxException(e);
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            silentRollback(status);
+            throw sneakyThrow(t);
+        } finally {
+            popStatus();
+            if (STATUS_STACK.get().isEmpty()) {
+                STATUS_STACK.remove();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean isActive() {
+        return !STATUS_STACK.get().isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    public void setRollbackOnly() {
+        currentStatus().markRollbackOnly();
+    }
+
+    public <R> R resource(Class<R> type) {
+        return currentStatus().resource(type);
+    }
+
+    public TxDefinition requiresNew() {
+        return TxDefinition.DEFAULTS.withPropagation(TransactionPropagation.REQUIRES_NEW);
+    }
+
+    public TxDefinition readOnly() {
+        return TxDefinition.DEFAULTS.asReadOnly();
+    }
+
+    private TxStatus currentStatus() {
+        TxStatus status = STATUS_STACK.get().peek();
+        if (status == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("No active transaction");
+        }
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    private void pushStatus(TxStatus status) {
+        STATUS_STACK.get().push(status);
+    }
+
+    private void popStatus() {
+        Deque<TxStatus> stack = STATUS_STACK.get();
+        if (!stack.isEmpty()) {
+            stack.pop();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void silentRollback(TxStatus status) {
+        try {
+            manager.rollback(status);
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private static <E extends Throwable> RuntimeException sneakyThrow(Throwable t) throws E {
+        throw (E) t;
+    }
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public interface TxRunnable {
+        void run();
+    }
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public interface TxCallable<T> {
+        T call() throws Exception;
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/TxDefinition.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+public record TxDefinition(
+        TransactionPropagation propagation,
+        TransactionIsolation    isolation,
+        boolean                 readOnly,
+        String                  label
+) {
+    public static final TxDefinition DEFAULTS = new TxDefinition(
+            TransactionPropagation.REQUIRED,
+            TransactionIsolation.DEFAULT,
+            false,
+            null
+    );
+
+    public TxDefinition withPropagation(TransactionPropagation p) {
+        return new TxDefinition(p, isolation, readOnly, label);
+    }
+
+    public TxDefinition withIsolation(TransactionIsolation i) {
+        return new TxDefinition(propagation, i, readOnly, label);
+    }
+
+    public TxDefinition withReadOnly(boolean ro) {
+        return new TxDefinition(propagation, isolation, ro, label);
+    }
+
+    public TxDefinition asReadOnly() {
+        return new TxDefinition(propagation, isolation, true, label);
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/TxException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+public class TxException extends RuntimeException {
+    public TxException(String message) { super(message); }
+    public TxException(Throwable cause) { super(cause); }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/TxManager.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+public interface TxManager {
+    TxStatus begin(TxDefinition definition);
+    void commit(TxStatus status);
+    void rollback(TxStatus status);
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/TxOutcome.java

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+public enum TxOutcome {
+    COMMITTED,
+    ROLLED_BACK
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/TxResourceKey.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public final class TxResourceKey {
+    private final String name;
+
+    private TxResourceKey(String name) {
+        this.name = Objects.requireNonNull(name);
+    }
+
+    public static TxResourceKey of(String name) {
+        return new TxResourceKey(name);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (!(o instanceof TxResourceKey that)) return false;
+        return name.equals(that.name);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return name.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return name;
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/TxStatus.java

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+public interface TxStatus {
+    boolean isNewTransaction();
+    boolean isReadOnly();
+    boolean isRollbackOnly();
+    void markRollbackOnly();
+    <R> R resource(Class<R> type);
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-core/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/core/TxSynchronization.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core;
+
+public interface TxSynchronization {
+    default void beforeCommit(boolean readOnly) {}
+    default void afterCommit() {}
+    default void afterRollback() {}
+    default void afterCompletion(TxOutcome outcome) {}
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-hibernate/docs/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# flash-ext-data-hibernate
+
+Backend Hibernate per `flash-ext-data-core`.
+
+## Scopo
+
+Questo modulo implementa `TxManager` sopra `SessionFactory` e fornisce una base repository Hibernate-centric.
+
+## Come si usa
+
+### 1. Creare il manager
+
+```java
+SessionFactory sessionFactory = ...;
+HibernateTxManager txManager = new HibernateTxManager(sessionFactory);
+DataExtension extension = new DataExtension(txManager);
+```
+
+### 2. Installare l’estensione in Flash
+
+L’estensione registra `Tx` e `TxManager` nel `FlashContext`.
+Le handler class-based annotate con `@Transactional` vengono wrappate automaticamente.
+
+### 3. Definire una repository
+
+```java
+public final class UserRepository extends HibernateRepository<User, Long> {
+    public UserRepository(Tx tx) {
+        super(tx, User.class);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Con il nuovo modello query/spec puoi esporre campi riusabili come costanti:
+
+```java
+public final class UserRepository extends HibernateRepository<User, Long> {
+    public static final SpecBuilder.FieldSpec<User, String> EMAIL = SpecBuilder.field("u.email");
+    public static final SpecBuilder.FieldSpec<User, Boolean> ACTIVE = SpecBuilder.field("u.active");
+
+    public UserRepository(Tx tx) {
+        super(tx, User.class);
+    }
+
+    public Optional<User> findByEmail(String email) {
+        return findOne(EMAIL.eq(email));
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Le query domain-specific possono usare gli helper della base class:
+
+```java
+public List<User> findByEmailDomain(String domain) {
+    return findMany("from User u where u.email like :email", q ->
+        q.setParameter("email", "%@" + domain)
+    );
+}
+```
+
+## Come funziona sotto
+
+- La tx corrente è rappresentata da `HibernateTxStatus`.
+- La risorsa esposta al core è una `Session`.
+- `Tx.resource(Session.class)` recupera la `Session` dal contesto corrente.
+- `REQUIRES_NEW` sospende lo status attivo e apre una nuova `Session`.
+- `NOT_SUPPORTED` sospende la tx attiva e continua senza sessione bindata.
+
+## Repository base
+
+`HibernateRepository` fornisce:
+
+- `findById`, `findAll`, `findPage`, `findOne`
+- `save`, `update`, `delete`, `saveAll`
+- bulk `deleteAll(Spec<T>)` e `updateAll(Spec<T>, T)`
+- helper HQL: `hql(...)`, `hqlMutate(...)`
+
+Le classi concrete devono solo implementare query di dominio, non il plumbing transazionale.
+
+## Semantica transazionale
+
+- `REQUIRED`: join o apertura nuova tx.
+- `REQUIRES_NEW`: sospensione del contesto corrente.
+- `SUPPORTS`: join se c’è tx, altrimenti no-op.
+- `NOT_SUPPORTED`: sospende e prosegue senza tx.
+- `MANDATORY`: fallisce se non c’è tx.
+
+## Note
+
+- `Session` viene chiusa a fine tx nuova.
+- Le synchronizations vengono eseguite al commit/rollback.
+- Il backend è pensato per essere usato tramite la base class, non direttamente.

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-hibernate/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+        <artifactId>flash-extensions</artifactId>
+        <version>2.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <artifactId>flash-ext-data-hibernate</artifactId>
+
+    <properties>
+        <jacoco.version>0.8.12</jacoco.version>
+    </properties>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+            <artifactId>flash-ext-data-core</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+            <artifactId>flash</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.hibernate.orm</groupId>
+            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
+            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
+            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
+                <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${jacoco.version}</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <rules>
+                        <rule>
+                            <element>BUNDLE</element>
+                            <limits>
+                                <limit>
+                                    <counter>LINE</counter>
+                                    <value>COVEREDRATIO</value>
+                                    <minimum>0.80</minimum>
+                                </limit>
+                            </limits>
+                        </rule>
+                    </rules>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+</project>

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-hibernate/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/hibernate/HibernateRepository.java

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.hibernate;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.*;
+import jakarta.persistence.TypedQuery;
+import org.hibernate.Session;
+import org.hibernate.query.MutationQuery;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public abstract class HibernateRepository<T, ID extends Serializable> extends Repository<T, ID> {
+
+    private final Class<T> type;
+
+    protected HibernateRepository(Tx tx, Class<T> type) {
+        super(tx);
+        this.type = type;
+    }
+
+    protected Session session() {
+        return tx().resource(Session.class);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Optional<T> doFindById(ID id) {
+        return Optional.ofNullable(session().get(type, id));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<T> doFind(Query<T> query) {
+        HibernateSpecContext ctx = new HibernateSpecContext();
+        String where = query.spec() != null ? " where " + query.spec().toFragment(ctx) : "";
+        String order = query.sort() != null && query.sort().isSorted() ? " order by " + orderClause(query.sort()) : "";
+
+        TypedQuery<T> q = session().createQuery("from " + type.getSimpleName() + where + order, type);
+        ctx.applyParameters(q);
+
+        if (query.isPaged()) {
+            q.setFirstResult(query.page() * query.size());
+            q.setMaxResults(query.size());
+        }
+        return q.getResultList();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Optional<T> doFindOne(Spec<T> spec) {
+        return doFind(Query.<T>all().where(spec).page(0, 1)).stream().findFirst();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Page<T> doFindPage(Query<T> query) {
+        if (!query.isPaged()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Paged query requires page and size");
+        }
+        long total = countWhere(query.spec());
+        List<T> content = doFind(query);
+        return new Page<>(content, query.page(), query.size(), total);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected boolean doExistsById(ID id) {
+        return doFindById(id).isPresent();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected long doCount() {
+        return countWhere(Spec.all());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected T doSave(T entity) {
+        session().persist(entity);
+        return entity;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<T> doSaveAll(Iterable<T> entities) {
+        List<T> saved = new ArrayList<>();
+        Session s = session();
+        int i = 0;
+        for (T entity : entities) {
+            s.persist(entity);
+            saved.add(entity);
+            if (++i % 50 == 0) {
+                s.flush();
+                s.clear();
+            }
+        }
+        return saved;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected T doUpdate(T entity) {
+        return session().merge(entity);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doDelete(T entity) {
+        Session s = session();
+        s.remove(s.contains(entity) ? entity : s.merge(entity));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doDeleteById(ID id) {
+        doFindById(id).ifPresent(this::doDelete);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected int doDeleteAll(Spec<T> spec) {
+        HibernateSpecContext ctx = new HibernateSpecContext();
+        String where = " where " + spec.toFragment(ctx);
+        MutationQuery q = session().createMutationQuery("delete from " + type.getSimpleName() + where);
+        ctx.applyParameters(q);
+        return q.executeUpdate();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected int doUpdateAll(Spec<T> spec, T patch) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Override doUpdateAll() for bulk UPDATE support");
+    }
+
+    protected List<T> hql(String hql, Consumer<TypedQuery<T>> params) {
+        return roQuery(() -> {
+            TypedQuery<T> q = session().createQuery(hql, type);
+            params.accept(q);
+            return q.getResultList();
+        });
+    }
+
+    protected <R> List<R> hql(String hql, Class<R> resultType, Consumer<TypedQuery<R>> params) {
+        return roQuery(() -> {
+            TypedQuery<R> q = session().createQuery(hql, resultType);
+            params.accept(q);
+            return q.getResultList();
+        });
+    }
+
+    protected int hqlMutate(String hql, Consumer<MutationQuery> params) {
+        return rwQuery(() -> {
+            MutationQuery q = session().createMutationQuery(hql);
+            params.accept(q);
+            return q.executeUpdate();
+        });
+    }
+
+    protected Class<T> entityType() {
+        return type;
+    }
+
+    private long countWhere(Spec<T> spec) {
+        HibernateSpecContext ctx = new HibernateSpecContext();
+        String where = spec != null ? " where " + spec.toFragment(ctx) : "";
+        TypedQuery<Long> q = session().createQuery("select count(*) from " + type.getSimpleName() + where, Long.class);
+        ctx.applyParameters(q);
+        return q.getResultStream().findFirst().orElse(0L);
+    }
+
+    private String orderClause(Sort sort) {
+        return sort.columns().stream()
+                .map(c -> c.column() + (c.asc() ? " ASC" : " DESC"))
+                .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-hibernate/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/hibernate/HibernateSpecContext.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.hibernate;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.SpecContext;
+import jakarta.persistence.TypedQuery;
+import org.hibernate.query.MutationQuery;
+
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+final class HibernateSpecContext implements SpecContext {
+    private final Map<String, Object> params = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    private int counter;
+
+    @Override
+    public String bind(Object value) {
+        String name = "p" + (++counter);
+        params.put(name, value);
+        return ":" + name;
+    }
+
+    void applyParameters(TypedQuery<?> query) {
+        params.forEach(query::setParameter);
+    }
+
+    void applyParameters(MutationQuery query) {
+        params.forEach(query::setParameter);
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-hibernate/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/hibernate/HibernateTxManager.java

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.hibernate;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.*;
+import org.hibernate.Session;
+import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class HibernateTxManager implements TxManager {
+    private static final TxResourceKey HIBERNATE_STATUS_KEY = TxResourceKey.of("hibernate.tx.status");
+    private static final TxResourceKey HIBERNATE_SUSPENDED_KEY = TxResourceKey.of("hibernate.tx.suspended");
+
+    private final SessionFactory sf;
+
+    public HibernateTxManager(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
+        this.sf = Objects.requireNonNull(sessionFactory);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TxStatus begin(TxDefinition definition) {
+        return switch (definition.propagation()) {
+            case REQUIRED -> ResourceRegistry.isBound(HIBERNATE_STATUS_KEY)
+                    ? joinExisting(definition)
+                    : beginNew(definition);
+            case REQUIRES_NEW -> beginNew(definition);
+            case SUPPORTS -> ResourceRegistry.isBound(HIBERNATE_STATUS_KEY)
+                    ? joinExisting(definition)
+                    : noOp(definition);
+            case MANDATORY -> {
+                if (!ResourceRegistry.isBound(HIBERNATE_STATUS_KEY))
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("MANDATORY: no active transaction");
+                yield joinExisting(definition);
+            }
+            case NOT_SUPPORTED -> {
+                HibernateTxStatus suspended = suspendIfNeeded();
+                yield noOp(definition, suspended);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private TxStatus beginNew(TxDefinition definition) {
+        return beginNew(definition, suspendIfNeeded());
+    }
+
+    private TxStatus beginNew(TxDefinition definition, HibernateTxStatus suspended) {
+        Session s = sf.openSession();
+        boolean bound = false;
+        try {
+            s.beginTransaction();
+            if (definition.readOnly()) s.setDefaultReadOnly(true);
+            if (definition.isolation() != TransactionIsolation.DEFAULT) {
+                s.doWork(connection -> connection.setTransactionIsolation(definition.isolation().level()));
+            }
+            HibernateTxStatus status = new HibernateTxStatus(
+                    s,
+                    true,
+                    definition.readOnly(),
+                    suspended,
+                    new HibernateTxStatus.RollbackMarker()
+            );
+            ResourceRegistry.bind(HIBERNATE_STATUS_KEY, status);
+            bound = true;
+            return status;
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            silentClose(s);
+            throw e;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            silentClose(s);
+            throw new TxException(e);
+        } finally {
+            if (!bound && suspended != null) {
+                ResourceRegistry.unbind(HIBERNATE_SUSPENDED_KEY);
+                ResourceRegistry.bind(HIBERNATE_STATUS_KEY, suspended);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private TxStatus joinExisting(TxDefinition definition) {
+        HibernateTxStatus existing = ResourceRegistry.get(HIBERNATE_STATUS_KEY, HibernateTxStatus.class);
+        if (definition.readOnly() && !existing.isReadOnly()) {
+            throw new TxException("Cannot join read-write tx as read-only");
+        }
+        return new HibernateTxStatus(
+                existing.session(),
+                false,
+                definition.readOnly(),
+                null,
+                existing.rollbackMarker()
+        );
+    }
+
+    private TxStatus noOp(TxDefinition definition) {
+        return noOp(definition, null);
+    }
+
+    private TxStatus noOp(TxDefinition definition, HibernateTxStatus suspended) {
+        return new HibernateTxStatus(null, false, definition.readOnly(), suspended, new HibernateTxStatus.RollbackMarker());
+    }
+
+    private HibernateTxStatus suspendIfNeeded() {
+        HibernateTxStatus suspended = ResourceRegistry.getOrNull(HIBERNATE_STATUS_KEY, HibernateTxStatus.class);
+        if (suspended != null) {
+            ResourceRegistry.unbind(HIBERNATE_STATUS_KEY);
+            ResourceRegistry.bind(HIBERNATE_SUSPENDED_KEY, suspended);
+        }
+        return suspended;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void commit(TxStatus status) {
+        HibernateTxStatus s = (HibernateTxStatus) status;
+        if (!s.isNewTransaction()) {
+            resumeIfNeeded(s);
+            cleanupIfIdle();
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (s.isRollbackOnly() && s.session().getTransaction().isActive()) {
+                s.session().getTransaction().rollback();
+                ResourceRegistry.fireSynchronizations(TxOutcome.ROLLED_BACK);
+            } else {
+                s.session().getTransaction().commit();
+                ResourceRegistry.fireSynchronizations(TxOutcome.COMMITTED);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            cleanupAndResume(s);
+            cleanupIfIdle();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void rollback(TxStatus status) {
+        HibernateTxStatus s = (HibernateTxStatus) status;
+        if (!s.isNewTransaction()) {
+            s.markRollbackOnly();
+            resumeIfNeeded(s);
+            cleanupIfIdle();
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (s.session().getTransaction().isActive()) {
+                s.session().getTransaction().rollback();
+            }
+            ResourceRegistry.fireSynchronizations(TxOutcome.ROLLED_BACK);
+        } finally {
+            cleanupAndResume(s);
+            cleanupIfIdle();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void cleanupAndResume(HibernateTxStatus status) {
+        ResourceRegistry.unbind(HIBERNATE_STATUS_KEY);
+        silentClose(status.session());
+        resumeIfNeeded(status);
+    }
+
+    private void cleanupIfIdle() {
+        if (!ResourceRegistry.isBound(HIBERNATE_STATUS_KEY) && !ResourceRegistry.isBound(HIBERNATE_SUSPENDED_KEY)) {
+            ResourceRegistry.cleanup();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void resumeIfNeeded(HibernateTxStatus status) {
+        HibernateTxStatus suspended = status.suspended();
+        if (suspended == null) {
+            suspended = ResourceRegistry.getOrNull(HIBERNATE_SUSPENDED_KEY, HibernateTxStatus.class);
+        }
+        if (suspended != null) {
+            ResourceRegistry.unbind(HIBERNATE_SUSPENDED_KEY);
+            ResourceRegistry.bind(HIBERNATE_STATUS_KEY, suspended);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void silentClose(Session session) {
+        if (session == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            session.close();
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {
+        }
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-hibernate/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/hibernate/HibernateTxStatus.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.hibernate;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.TxStatus;
+import org.hibernate.Session;
+
+class HibernateTxStatus implements TxStatus {
+    static final class RollbackMarker {
+        boolean rollbackOnly;
+    }
+
+    private final Session session;
+    private final boolean newTransaction;
+    private final boolean readOnly;
+    private final HibernateTxStatus suspended;
+    private final RollbackMarker rollbackMarker;
+
+    HibernateTxStatus(
+            Session session,
+            boolean newTransaction,
+            boolean readOnly,
+            HibernateTxStatus suspended,
+            RollbackMarker rollbackMarker
+    ) {
+        this.session = session;
+        this.newTransaction = newTransaction;
+        this.readOnly = readOnly;
+        this.suspended = suspended;
+        this.rollbackMarker = rollbackMarker;
+    }
+
+    @Override public boolean isNewTransaction() { return newTransaction; }
+    @Override public boolean isReadOnly() { return readOnly; }
+    @Override public boolean isRollbackOnly() { return rollbackMarker.rollbackOnly; }
+    @Override public void markRollbackOnly() { rollbackMarker.rollbackOnly = true; }
+
+    @Override
+    public <R> R resource(Class<R> type) {
+        if (session == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("No session bound to this transaction status");
+        }
+        return type.cast(session);
+    }
+
+    Session session() { return session; }
+    HibernateTxStatus suspended() { return suspended; }
+    RollbackMarker rollbackMarker() { return rollbackMarker; }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-hibernate/src/test/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/hibernate/HibernateTxManagerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.hibernate;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.*;
+import org.hibernate.Session;
+import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class HibernateTxManagerTest {
+    static SessionFactory sf;
+    static HibernateTxManager manager;
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void setup() {
+        sf = TestHelper.buildSessionFactory();
+        manager = new HibernateTxManager(sf);
+    }
+
+    @AfterAll
+    static void teardown() {
+        if (sf != null) {
+            sf.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void cleanup() {
+        ResourceRegistry.clear();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void required_starts_new_when_absent() {
+        TxStatus s = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS);
+        assertNotNull(s.resource(Session.class));
+        assertTrue(s.isNewTransaction());
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> manager.commit(s));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void required_joins_existing_when_present() {
+        TxStatus outer = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS);
+        TxStatus inner = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS.withPropagation(TransactionPropagation.REQUIRED));
+        assertSame(outer.resource(Session.class), inner.resource(Session.class));
+        manager.rollback(outer);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void requires_new_uses_separate_session() {
+        TxStatus outer = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS);
+        TxStatus inner = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS.withPropagation(TransactionPropagation.REQUIRES_NEW));
+        assertNotSame(outer.resource(Session.class), inner.resource(Session.class));
+        manager.commit(inner);
+        manager.rollback(outer);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void rollback_on_joined_marks_outer_rollback_only() {
+        TxStatus outer = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS);
+        TxStatus inner = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS.withPropagation(TransactionPropagation.REQUIRED));
+        manager.rollback(inner);
+        assertTrue(outer.isRollbackOnly());
+        manager.rollback(outer);
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-hibernate/src/test/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/hibernate/TestHelper.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.hibernate;
+
+import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
+import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
+import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
+import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
+
+public class TestHelper {
+    public static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() {
+        final StandardServiceRegistry registry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
+                .applySetting("hibernate.connection.url", "jdbc:h2:mem:tx-hibernate;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1")
+                .applySetting("hibernate.connection.driver_class", "org.h2.Driver")
+                .applySetting("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect")
+                .applySetting("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "none")
+                .applySetting("hibernate.show_sql", "false")
+                .build();
+        try {
+            return new MetadataSources(registry).buildMetadata().buildSessionFactory();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            StandardServiceRegistryBuilder.destroy(registry);
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-jdbc/docs/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# flash-ext-data-jdbc
+
+Backend JDBC per `flash-ext-data-core`.
+
+## Scopo
+
+Questo modulo implementa `TxManager` sopra `DataSource` e fornisce una base repository SQL raw.
+
+## Come si usa
+
+### 1. Creare il manager
+
+```java
+DataSource dataSource = ...;
+JdbcTxManager txManager = new JdbcTxManager(dataSource);
+DataExtension extension = new DataExtension(txManager);
+```
+
+### 2. Installare l’estensione in Flash
+
+Come per Hibernate, `DataExtension` registra `Tx` nel `FlashContext` e abilita `@Transactional` sugli handler class-based.
+
+### 3. Definire una repository
+
+```java
+public final class UserRepository extends JdbcRepository<User, Long> {
+    public UserRepository(Tx tx) {
+        super(tx, "users", "id");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected User mapRow(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
+        return new User(rs.getLong("id"), rs.getString("name"));
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Anche qui puoi esporre `Spec` riusabili e comporre query dal service layer:
+
+```java
+public final class UserRepository extends JdbcRepository<User, Long> {
+    public static final SpecBuilder.FieldSpec<User, String> EMAIL = SpecBuilder.field("email");
+
+    public UserRepository(Tx tx) {
+        super(tx, "users", "id");
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Per il salvataggio e l’update devi fornire il binding esplicito:
+
+```java
+@Override
+protected String insertSql() {
+    return "insert into users(name) values(?)";
+}
+
+@Override
+protected void bindInsert(PreparedStatement ps, User entity) throws SQLException {
+    ps.setString(1, entity.name());
+}
+```
+
+## Come funziona sotto
+
+- La tx corrente espone una `Connection`.
+- `Tx.resource(Connection.class)` recupera la connessione bindata al thread.
+- `REQUIRES_NEW` sospende la connessione attiva e ne apre una nuova.
+- `NOT_SUPPORTED` sospende il contesto e prosegue senza tx.
+
+## Repository base
+
+`JdbcRepository` fornisce:
+
+- query `select` con `queryOne`, `queryMany`
+- mutation con `mutate`
+- persistenza con `doSave`, `doUpdate`
+- paging con `doFindPage`
+- bulk `deleteAll(Spec<T>)`
+- helper raw `queryOne(...)`, `queryMany(...)`, `mutate(...)`
+
+Le repository concrete devono solo tradurre tra `ResultSet` e dominio.
+
+## Semantica transazionale
+
+- `REQUIRED`: join o apertura nuova tx.
+- `REQUIRES_NEW`: sospensione del contesto corrente.
+- `SUPPORTS`: join se c’è tx, altrimenti no-op.
+- `NOT_SUPPORTED`: sospende e prosegue senza tx.
+- `MANDATORY`: fallisce se non c’è tx.
+
+## Note
+
+- La `Connection` viene chiusa a fine tx nuova.
+- Le synchronizations vengono eseguite al commit/rollback.
+- Se una repository usa `doDelete(T)`, il comportamento predefinito è non supportato: usare `deleteById` o override specifico.

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-jdbc/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+        <artifactId>flash-extensions</artifactId>
+        <version>2.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <artifactId>flash-ext-data-jdbc</artifactId>
+
+    <properties>
+        <jacoco.version>0.8.12</jacoco.version>
+    </properties>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+            <artifactId>flash-ext-data-core</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+            <artifactId>flash</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.zaxxer</groupId>
+            <artifactId>HikariCP</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
+            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
+            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
+                <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${jacoco.version}</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <rules>
+                        <rule>
+                            <element>BUNDLE</element>
+                            <limits>
+                                <limit>
+                                    <counter>LINE</counter>
+                                    <value>COVEREDRATIO</value>
+                                    <minimum>0.80</minimum>
+                                </limit>
+                            </limits>
+                        </rule>
+                    </rules>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+</project>

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-jdbc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/jdbc/JdbcRepository.java

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.jdbc;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.*;
+
+import java.sql.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public abstract class JdbcRepository<T, ID> extends Repository<T, ID> {
+
+    private final String table;
+    private final String idColumn;
+
+    protected JdbcRepository(Tx tx, String table, String idColumn) {
+        super(tx);
+        this.table = table;
+        this.idColumn = idColumn;
+    }
+
+    protected Connection connection() {
+        return tx().resource(Connection.class);
+    }
+
+    protected abstract T mapRow(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException;
+    protected abstract void bindInsert(PreparedStatement ps, T entity) throws SQLException;
+    protected abstract void bindUpdate(PreparedStatement ps, T entity) throws SQLException;
+    protected abstract String insertSql();
+    protected abstract String updateSql();
+
+    @Override
+    protected Optional<T> doFindById(ID id) {
+        return queryOne("select * from " + table + " where " + idColumn + " = ?", ps -> ps.setObject(1, id));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<T> doFind(Query<T> query) {
+        JdbcSpecContext ctx = new JdbcSpecContext();
+        String where = query.spec() != null ? " where " + query.spec().toFragment(ctx) : "";
+        String order = query.sort() != null && query.sort().isSorted() ? " order by " + orderClause(query.sort()) : "";
+        String paging = query.isPaged() ? " limit ? offset ?" : "";
+
+        return queryMany("select * from " + table + where + order + paging, ps -> {
+            if (query.isPaged()) {
+                ctx.applyParameters(ps);
+                int base = ctx.size();
+                ps.setInt(base + 1, query.size());
+                ps.setInt(base + 2, query.page() * query.size());
+                return;
+            }
+            ctx.applyParameters(ps);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Optional<T> doFindOne(Spec<T> spec) {
+        return doFind(Query.<T>all().where(spec).page(0, 1)).stream().findFirst();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Page<T> doFindPage(Query<T> query) {
+        if (!query.isPaged()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Paged query requires page and size");
+        }
+        long total = countWhere(query.spec());
+        List<T> content = doFind(query);
+        return new Page<>(content, query.page(), query.size(), total);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected boolean doExistsById(ID id) {
+        return queryOne("select 1 from " + table + " where " + idColumn + " = ?", ps -> ps.setObject(1, id), rs -> rs.getInt(1)).isPresent();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected long doCount() {
+        return queryOne("select count(*) from " + table, ps -> {}, rs -> rs.getLong(1)).orElse(0L);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected T doSave(T entity) {
+        try (PreparedStatement ps = connection().prepareStatement(insertSql(), Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS)) {
+            bindInsert(ps, entity);
+            ps.executeUpdate();
+            applyGeneratedKey(ps, entity);
+            return entity;
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new TxException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<T> doSaveAll(Iterable<T> entities) {
+        List<T> saved = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (T entity : entities) {
+            saved.add(doSave(entity));
+        }
+        return saved;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected T doUpdate(T entity) {
+        try (PreparedStatement ps = connection().prepareStatement(updateSql())) {
+            bindUpdate(ps, entity);
+            ps.executeUpdate();
+            return entity;
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new TxException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doDelete(T entity) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Override doDelete() or use deleteById()");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doDeleteById(ID id) {
+        mutate("delete from " + table + " where " + idColumn + " = ?", ps -> ps.setObject(1, id));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected int doDeleteAll(Spec<T> spec) {
+        JdbcSpecContext ctx = new JdbcSpecContext();
+        String where = " where " + spec.toFragment(ctx);
+        return mutate("delete from " + table + where, ctx::applyParameters);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected int doUpdateAll(Spec<T> spec, T patch) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Override doUpdateAll() for bulk UPDATE support");
+    }
+
+    protected Optional<T> queryOne(String sql, SqlBinder params) {
+        List<T> r = queryMany(sql, params);
+        return r.isEmpty() ? Optional.empty() : Optional.of(r.get(0));
+    }
+
+    protected <R> Optional<R> queryOne(String sql, SqlBinder params, SqlMapper<R> mapper) {
+        try (PreparedStatement ps = connection().prepareStatement(sql)) {
+            params.bind(ps);
+            try (ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery()) {
+                return rs.next() ? Optional.of(mapper.map(rs)) : Optional.empty();
+            }
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new TxException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected List<T> queryMany(String sql, SqlBinder params) {
+        try (PreparedStatement ps = connection().prepareStatement(sql)) {
+            params.bind(ps);
+            try (ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery()) {
+                List<T> results = new ArrayList<>();
+                while (rs.next()) results.add(mapRow(rs));
+                return results;
+            }
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new TxException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected int mutate(String sql, SqlBinder params) {
+        try (PreparedStatement ps = connection().prepareStatement(sql)) {
+            params.bind(ps);
+            return ps.executeUpdate();
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new TxException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void applyGeneratedKey(PreparedStatement ps, T entity) throws SQLException {
+        // override when entity has a generated PK
+    }
+
+    protected Class<T> entityType() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private long countWhere(Spec<T> spec) {
+        JdbcSpecContext ctx = new JdbcSpecContext();
+        String where = spec != null ? " where " + spec.toFragment(ctx) : "";
+        return queryOne("select count(*) from " + table + where, ctx::applyParameters, rs -> rs.getLong(1)).orElse(0L);
+    }
+
+    private String orderClause(Sort sort) {
+        return sort.columns().stream()
+                .map(c -> c.column() + (c.asc() ? " ASC" : " DESC"))
+                .collect(java.util.stream.Collectors.joining(", "));
+    }
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public interface SqlBinder {
+        void bind(PreparedStatement ps) throws SQLException;
+    }
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public interface SqlMapper<R> {
+        R map(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException;
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-jdbc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/jdbc/JdbcSpecContext.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.jdbc;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.SpecContext;
+
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+final class JdbcSpecContext implements SpecContext {
+    private final List<Object> params = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @Override
+    public String bind(Object value) {
+        params.add(value);
+        return "?";
+    }
+
+    void applyParameters(PreparedStatement ps) throws SQLException {
+        for (int i = 0; i < params.size(); i++) {
+            ps.setObject(i + 1, params.get(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    int size() {
+        return params.size();
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-jdbc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/jdbc/JdbcTxManager.java

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.jdbc;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.*;
+
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public class JdbcTxManager implements TxManager {
+    private static final TxResourceKey JDBC_STATUS_KEY = TxResourceKey.of("jdbc.tx.status");
+    private static final TxResourceKey JDBC_SUSPENDED_KEY = TxResourceKey.of("jdbc.tx.suspended");
+
+    private final DataSource ds;
+
+    public JdbcTxManager(DataSource ds) {
+        this.ds = Objects.requireNonNull(ds);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TxStatus begin(TxDefinition definition) {
+        return switch (definition.propagation()) {
+            case REQUIRED -> ResourceRegistry.isBound(JDBC_STATUS_KEY)
+                    ? joinExisting(definition)
+                    : beginNew(definition);
+            case REQUIRES_NEW -> beginNew(definition);
+            case SUPPORTS -> ResourceRegistry.isBound(JDBC_STATUS_KEY)
+                    ? joinExisting(definition)
+                    : noOp(definition);
+            case MANDATORY -> {
+                if (!ResourceRegistry.isBound(JDBC_STATUS_KEY))
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("MANDATORY: no active transaction");
+                yield joinExisting(definition);
+            }
+            case NOT_SUPPORTED -> {
+                JdbcTxStatus suspended = suspendIfNeeded();
+                yield noOp(definition, suspended);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private TxStatus beginNew(TxDefinition definition) {
+        Connection conn = null;
+        JdbcTxStatus suspended = suspendIfNeeded();
+        boolean bound = false;
+        try {
+            conn = ds.getConnection();
+            conn.setAutoCommit(false);
+            if (definition.readOnly()) conn.setReadOnly(true);
+            if (definition.isolation() != TransactionIsolation.DEFAULT) {
+                conn.setTransactionIsolation(definition.isolation().level());
+            }
+            JdbcTxStatus status = new JdbcTxStatus(
+                    conn,
+                    true,
+                    definition.readOnly(),
+                    suspended,
+                    new JdbcTxStatus.RollbackMarker()
+            );
+            ResourceRegistry.bind(JDBC_STATUS_KEY, status);
+            bound = true;
+            return status;
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            silentClose(conn);
+            throw new TxException(e);
+        } finally {
+            if (!bound && suspended != null) {
+                ResourceRegistry.unbind(JDBC_SUSPENDED_KEY);
+                ResourceRegistry.bind(JDBC_STATUS_KEY, suspended);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private TxStatus joinExisting(TxDefinition definition) {
+        JdbcTxStatus existing = ResourceRegistry.get(JDBC_STATUS_KEY, JdbcTxStatus.class);
+        if (definition.readOnly() && !existing.isReadOnly()) {
+            throw new TxException("Cannot join read-write tx as read-only");
+        }
+        return new JdbcTxStatus(
+                existing.connection(),
+                false,
+                definition.readOnly(),
+                null,
+                existing.rollbackMarker()
+        );
+    }
+
+    private TxStatus noOp(TxDefinition definition) {
+        return noOp(definition, null);
+    }
+
+    private TxStatus noOp(TxDefinition definition, JdbcTxStatus suspended) {
+        return new JdbcTxStatus(null, false, definition.readOnly(), suspended, new JdbcTxStatus.RollbackMarker());
+    }
+
+    private JdbcTxStatus suspendIfNeeded() {
+        JdbcTxStatus suspended = ResourceRegistry.getOrNull(JDBC_STATUS_KEY, JdbcTxStatus.class);
+        if (suspended != null) {
+            ResourceRegistry.unbind(JDBC_STATUS_KEY);
+            ResourceRegistry.bind(JDBC_SUSPENDED_KEY, suspended);
+        }
+        return suspended;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void commit(TxStatus status) {
+        JdbcTxStatus s = (JdbcTxStatus) status;
+        if (!s.isNewTransaction()) {
+            resumeIfNeeded(s);
+            cleanupIfIdle();
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (s.isRollbackOnly()) {
+                s.connection().rollback();
+                ResourceRegistry.fireSynchronizations(TxOutcome.ROLLED_BACK);
+                return;
+            }
+            s.connection().commit();
+            ResourceRegistry.fireSynchronizations(TxOutcome.COMMITTED);
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new TxException(e);
+        } finally {
+            cleanupAndResume(s);
+            cleanupIfIdle();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void rollback(TxStatus status) {
+        JdbcTxStatus s = (JdbcTxStatus) status;
+        if (!s.isNewTransaction()) {
+            s.markRollbackOnly();
+            resumeIfNeeded(s);
+            cleanupIfIdle();
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            s.connection().rollback();
+            ResourceRegistry.fireSynchronizations(TxOutcome.ROLLED_BACK);
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new TxException(e);
+        } finally {
+            cleanupAndResume(s);
+            cleanupIfIdle();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void cleanupAndResume(JdbcTxStatus status) {
+        ResourceRegistry.unbind(JDBC_STATUS_KEY);
+        try {
+            if (status.connection() != null) {
+                status.connection().close();
+            }
+        } catch (SQLException ignored) {
+        }
+        resumeIfNeeded(status);
+    }
+
+    private void cleanupIfIdle() {
+        if (!ResourceRegistry.isBound(JDBC_STATUS_KEY) && !ResourceRegistry.isBound(JDBC_SUSPENDED_KEY)) {
+            ResourceRegistry.cleanup();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void resumeIfNeeded(JdbcTxStatus status) {
+        JdbcTxStatus suspended = status.suspended();
+        if (suspended == null) {
+            suspended = ResourceRegistry.getOrNull(JDBC_SUSPENDED_KEY, JdbcTxStatus.class);
+        }
+        if (suspended != null) {
+            ResourceRegistry.unbind(JDBC_SUSPENDED_KEY);
+            ResourceRegistry.bind(JDBC_STATUS_KEY, suspended);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void silentClose(Connection connection) {
+        if (connection == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            connection.close();
+        } catch (SQLException ignored) {
+        }
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-jdbc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/jdbc/JdbcTxStatus.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.jdbc;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.TxStatus;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+class JdbcTxStatus implements TxStatus {
+    static final class RollbackMarker {
+        boolean rollbackOnly;
+    }
+
+    private final Connection connection;
+    private final boolean newTransaction;
+    private final boolean readOnly;
+    private final JdbcTxStatus suspended;
+    private final RollbackMarker rollbackMarker;
+
+    JdbcTxStatus(
+            Connection connection,
+            boolean newTransaction,
+            boolean readOnly,
+            JdbcTxStatus suspended,
+            RollbackMarker rollbackMarker
+    ) {
+        this.connection = Objects.requireNonNull(connection);
+        this.newTransaction = newTransaction;
+        this.readOnly = readOnly;
+        this.suspended = suspended;
+        this.rollbackMarker = rollbackMarker;
+    }
+
+    @Override public boolean isNewTransaction() { return newTransaction; }
+    @Override public boolean isReadOnly() { return readOnly; }
+    @Override public boolean isRollbackOnly() { return rollbackMarker.rollbackOnly; }
+    @Override public void markRollbackOnly() { rollbackMarker.rollbackOnly = true; }
+
+    @Override
+    public <R> R resource(Class<R> type) {
+        if (connection == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("No connection bound to this transaction status");
+        }
+        return type.cast(connection);
+    }
+
+    Connection connection() { return connection; }
+    JdbcTxStatus suspended() { return suspended; }
+    RollbackMarker rollbackMarker() { return rollbackMarker; }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-data-jdbc/src/test/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/data/jdbc/JdbcTxManagerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.data.jdbc;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.data.core.*;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class JdbcTxManagerTest {
+    private final JdbcTxManager manager = new JdbcTxManager(dataSource());
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void cleanup() {
+        ResourceRegistry.clear();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void required_starts_new_when_absent() {
+        TxStatus s = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS);
+        assertTrue(s.isNewTransaction());
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> manager.commit(s));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void required_joins_existing_when_present() {
+        TxStatus outer = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS);
+        TxStatus inner = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS.withPropagation(TransactionPropagation.REQUIRED));
+        assertSame(outer.resource(Connection.class), inner.resource(Connection.class));
+        assertFalse(inner.isNewTransaction());
+        manager.rollback(outer);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void requires_new_creates_distinct_connection() {
+        TxStatus outer = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS);
+        TxStatus inner = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS.withPropagation(TransactionPropagation.REQUIRES_NEW));
+        assertNotSame(outer.resource(Connection.class), inner.resource(Connection.class));
+        manager.commit(inner);
+        manager.rollback(outer);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void rollback_on_joined_marks_outer_rollback_only() {
+        TxStatus outer = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS);
+        TxStatus inner = manager.begin(TxDefinition.DEFAULTS.withPropagation(TransactionPropagation.REQUIRED));
+        manager.rollback(inner);
+        assertTrue(outer.isRollbackOnly());
+        manager.rollback(outer);
+    }
+
+    private static DataSource dataSource() {
+        return new DataSource() {
+            @Override
+            public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
+                return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:h2:mem:tx-jdbc;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
+                return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:h2:mem:tx-jdbc;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1", username, password);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public java.io.PrintWriter getLogWriter() {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void setLogWriter(java.io.PrintWriter out) {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void setLoginTimeout(int seconds) {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int getLoginTimeout() {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public java.util.logging.Logger getParentLogger() {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-jackson/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+# flash-ext-jackson
+
+Jackson JSON integration for Flash with an opinionated auto-marshal middleware.
+
+## What it provides
+
+| Component | Description |
+|---|---|
+| `JacksonExtension` | Registers JSON services into `FlashContext` |
+| `Json` | JSON read/write helper (`body`, `bodyFrom`, `write`, `writeView`) |
+| `ObjectMapper` | Raw mapper escape hatch for advanced usage |
+| `JacksonMiddleware` | `autoJson()` middleware for automatic outbound JSON marshalling |
+
+Default mapper behavior (`new JacksonExtension()`):
+
+- auto-discovers Jackson modules on classpath (`findAndAddModules()`)
+- includes Java Time support (`jackson-datatype-jsr310`)
+- writes date/time values as ISO-8601 strings (not numeric timestamps)
+
+## Recommended default
+
+Install the extension, then apply `autoJson()` once at app or scope level.
+
+```java
+JacksonExtension jackson = new JacksonExtension();
+
+FlashApp app = FlashApp.create(8080)
+    .install(jackson)
+    .use(jackson.autoJson());
+
+app.startAndBlock();
+```
+
+Behavior of `autoJson()`:
+
+- pass-through: `null`, `Response`, `byte[]`, `String`, `CharSequence`
+- any other return value: serialize to JSON `byte[]`
+- sets `Content-Type: application/json` for marshalled responses
+- serialization failures throw `IllegalStateException`
+
+This keeps handlers concise while preserving Flash's direct byte write path.
+
+## Installation
+
+```xml
+<dependency>
+    <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+    <artifactId>flash-ext-jackson</artifactId>
+    <version>1.1-indev2</version>
+</dependency>
+```
+
+## Json helper API
+
+Use `Json` when you want explicit, local control in a handler.
+
+```java
+@POST("/users")
+public final class CreateUser extends RequestHandler {
+    private Json json;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onInit() {
+        json = require(Json.class);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object handle(Request req, Response res) throws Exception {
+        CreateUserBody body = json.body(req, CreateUserBody.class);
+        UserDto created = service.create(body);
+        res.status(201);
+        return json.write(res, created);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Methods:
+
+- `body(req, Type.class)` -> parse from `req.body().bytes()`
+- `bodyFrom(req, Type.class)` -> parse from `req.body().stream()`
+- `write(res, obj)` -> writes JSON string and sets JSON content type
+- `writeView(res, obj, View.class)` -> JSON with Jackson `@JsonView`
+- `mapper()` -> raw `ObjectMapper`
+
+## Custom mapper
+
+```java
+ObjectMapper mapper = JsonMapper.builder()
+    .addModule(new JavaTimeModule())
+    .disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS)
+    .build();
+
+FlashApp.create(8080)
+    .install(new JacksonExtension(mapper));
+```
+
+## Scope usage
+
+`autoJson()` works the same at scope level:
+
+```java
+JacksonExtension jackson = new JacksonExtension();
+
+app.mount("/api", api -> {
+    api.use(jackson.autoJson());
+    api.get("/health", (req, res) -> Map.of("ok", true));
+});
+```
+
+If you need to pull it from context, `JacksonMiddleware` is also provided as a service
+after the app boots (same lifecycle model as other extension-provided services).
+
+## Notes
+
+- Install order is irrelevant (Flash two-phase extension lifecycle).
+- `autoJson()` and OpenAPI are intentionally decoupled.

flash-extensions/flash-ext-jackson/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+        <artifactId>flash-extensions</artifactId>
+        <version>2.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <artifactId>flash-ext-jackson</artifactId>
+
+    <properties>
+        <jacoco.version>0.8.12</jacoco.version>
+    </properties>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+            <artifactId>flash</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jackson-datatype-jsr310</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
+            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
+                <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${jacoco.version}</version>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <id>jacoco-prepare-agent</id>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                    <execution>
+                        <id>jacoco-report-and-check</id>
+                        <phase>verify</phase>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>report</goal>
+                            <goal>check</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                        <configuration>
+                            <rules>
+                                <rule>
+                                    <element>BUNDLE</element>
+                                    <limits>
+                                        <limit>
+                                            <counter>LINE</counter>
+                                            <value>COVEREDRATIO</value>
+                                            <minimum>0.80</minimum>
+                                        </limit>
+                                    </limits>
+                                </rule>
+                            </rules>
+                        </configuration>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+</project>

flash-extensions/flash-ext-jackson/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/jackson/JacksonExtension.java

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.jackson;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.json.JsonMapper;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashContext;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashExtension;
+import dev.relism.flash.routing.Middleware;
+
+/**
+ * Registers JSON support into the Flash extension layer.
+ *
+ * <p>Exposes a {@link Json} utility instance in the {@link FlashContext} under
+ * {@code Json.class}. Any handler or extension can retrieve it via {@code ctx.require(Json.class)}
+ * inside {@code onInit()} (class-based) or inside {@link FlashExtension#routes} (extensions).
+ *
+ * <p>The raw {@link ObjectMapper} is also registered under {@code ObjectMapper.class}
+ * for extensions that need direct mapper access (e.g. OpenAPI schema generation).
+ *
+ * <p>{@link JacksonMiddleware} is provided under {@code JacksonMiddleware.class} and
+ * exposes opinionated JSON auto-marshalling middleware via {@link JacksonMiddleware#autoJson()}.
+ *
+ * <h3>Usage — composition (preferred)</h3>
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * public class MyHandler extends RequestHandler {
+ *     private Json json;
+ *
+ *     @Override protected void onInit() {
+ *         json = require(Json.class);
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     public Object handle(Request req, Response res) throws Exception {
+ *         MyDto dto = json.body(req, MyDto.class);
+ *         return json.write(res, 201, dto);
+ *     }
+ * }
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * <h3>Custom mapper</h3>
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * ObjectMapper mapper = JsonMapper.builder()
+ *         .addModule(new JavaTimeModule())
+ *         .disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS)
+ *         .build();
+ *
+ * FlashApp.create(8080)
+ *         .install(new JacksonExtension(mapper));
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+public class JacksonExtension implements FlashExtension {
+
+    private final ObjectMapper mapper;
+    private final JacksonMiddleware middleware;
+
+    /**
+     * Installs with an opinionated default {@link JsonMapper}:
+     * auto-discovers modules on classpath (e.g. Java Time) and writes dates as ISO strings.
+     */
+    public JacksonExtension() {
+        this(JsonMapper.builder()
+                .findAndAddModules()
+                .disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS)
+                .build());
+    }
+
+    /** Installs with a fully configured custom {@link ObjectMapper}. */
+    public JacksonExtension(ObjectMapper mapper) {
+        this.mapper = mapper;
+        this.middleware = new JacksonMiddleware(mapper);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Opinionated outbound JSON middleware factory.
+     *
+     * <p>Use for app/scope-level registration:
+     * <pre>{@code
+     * JacksonExtension jackson = new JacksonExtension();
+     * app.install(jackson).use(jackson.autoJson());
+     * }</pre>
+     */
+    public Middleware autoJson() {
+        return middleware.autoJson();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void provide(FlashContext ctx) {
+        Json json = new Json(mapper);
+        ctx.provide(Json.class,               json);
+        ctx.provide(ObjectMapper.class,       mapper);
+        ctx.provide(JacksonMiddleware.class,  middleware);
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-jackson/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/jackson/JacksonMiddleware.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.jackson;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import dev.relism.flash.http.ContentType;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Response;
+import dev.relism.flash.routing.Middleware;
+
+/**
+ * Outbound JSON marshalling middleware for class-based and lambda routes.
+ *
+ * <p>{@link #autoJson()} marshals any non-body-native return value to JSON bytes,
+ * writes {@code Content-Type: application/json}, and returns {@code byte[]} so
+ * the Flash write path stays direct.
+ *
+ * <p>Pass-through return types:
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>{@code null}</li>
+ *   <li>{@link Response}</li>
+ *   <li>{@code byte[]}</li>
+ *   <li>{@link String}</li>
+ *   <li>{@link CharSequence}</li>
+ * </ul>
+ */
+public final class JacksonMiddleware {
+
+    private final ObjectMapper mapper;
+
+    JacksonMiddleware(ObjectMapper mapper) {
+        this.mapper = mapper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Automatic JSON marshalling policy.
+     *
+     * <p>For non-pass-through return values, serializes with Jackson directly to
+     * {@code byte[]} and sets response content type to JSON.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalStateException when serialization fails
+     */
+    public Middleware autoJson() {
+        return next -> (req, res) -> {
+            Object out = next.handle(req, res);
+            if (isPassThrough(out)) return out;
+
+            res.type(ContentType.JSON);
+            try {
+                return mapper.writeValueAsBytes(out);
+            } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "Failed to serialize handler result as JSON: " + out.getClass().getName(), e);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isPassThrough(Object out) {
+        return out == null
+                || out instanceof Response
+                || out instanceof byte[]
+                || out instanceof CharSequence;
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-jackson/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/jackson/Json.java

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.jackson;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import dev.relism.flash.exceptions.HttpException;
+import dev.relism.flash.http.ContentType;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Request;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Response;
+
+/**
+ * Thread-safe JSON toolbox. Single point of access for all JSON I/O operations
+ * within a Flash application.
+ *
+ * <p>Retrieve once at boot time via {@code require(Json.class)} inside
+ * {@code onInit()}, cache in a private field, and call on the hot path
+ * with zero lookup or allocation overhead:
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * @Route(method = HttpMethod.POST, path = "/api/items")
+ * public class CreateItemHandler extends RequestHandler {
+ *
+ *     private Json json;
+ *
+ *     @Override
+ *     protected void onInit() {
+ *         json = require(Json.class);
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     public Object handle(Request req, Response res) throws Exception {
+ *         CreateItemRequest body = json.body(req, CreateItemRequest.class);
+ *         return json.write(res, itemService.create(body));
+ *     }
+ * }
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * <p>The underlying {@link ObjectMapper} is shared across all handlers in the same
+ * scope (one instance per app / per child scope). Jackson's {@code ObjectMapper}
+ * is fully thread-safe after configuration — no synchronization is needed.
+ *
+ * <p>Install via {@link JacksonExtension} before calling {@code scan()} or
+ * {@code register()}.
+ */
+public final class Json {
+
+    private final ObjectMapper mapper;
+
+    /** Package-private — constructed exclusively by {@link JacksonExtension}. */
+    Json(ObjectMapper mapper) {
+        this.mapper = mapper;
+    }
+
+    // ── Input ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /**
+     * Deserializes the full request body into an instance of {@code type}.
+     *
+     * <p>Reads {@code req.body().bytes()} in one shot. For streaming bodies
+     * use {@link #bodyFrom(Request, Class)} instead.
+     *
+     * @throws HttpException 400 if the body cannot be parsed as {@code type}
+     */
+    public <T> T body(Request req, Class<T> type) throws Exception {
+        try {
+            return mapper.readValue(req.body().bytes(), type);
+        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
+            throw HttpException.badRequest("Invalid request body: " + e.getOriginalMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deserializes the request body via the raw {@link java.io.InputStream},
+     * avoiding the intermediate {@code byte[]} allocation. Prefer this for
+     * large bodies or when allocation budget is tight.
+     *
+     * @throws HttpException 400 on parse failure
+     */
+    public <T> T bodyFrom(Request req, Class<T> type) throws Exception {
+        try {
+            return mapper.readValue(req.body().stream(), type);
+        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
+            throw HttpException.badRequest("Invalid request body: " + e.getOriginalMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── Output ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /**
+     * Serializes {@code obj} to a JSON string and sets
+     * {@code Content-Type: application/json} on the response.
+     *
+     * <p>The returned string is used as the response body by the Flash runtime.
+     */
+    public String write(Response res, Object obj) throws Exception {
+        res.type(ContentType.JSON);
+        return mapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@link #write} but applies a Jackson {@code @JsonView} filter,
+     * restricting serialization to fields visible under {@code view}.
+     */
+    public String writeView(Response res, Object obj, Class<?> view) throws Exception {
+        res.type(ContentType.JSON);
+        return mapper.writerWithView(view).writeValueAsString(obj);
+    }
+
+    // ── Escape hatch ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the underlying {@link ObjectMapper} for advanced operations
+     * (custom serialization, schema generation, etc.) not covered by the
+     * methods above.
+     */
+    public ObjectMapper mapper() {
+        return mapper;
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-jackson/src/test/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/jackson/JacksonExtensionTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.jackson;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashContext;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.SimpleHandler;
+import dev.relism.flash.http.ContentType;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Request;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.RequestHandler;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Response;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+class JacksonExtensionTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void provide_registers_json_mapper_and_middleware() {
+        FlashContext ctx = new FlashContext();
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+        JacksonExtension ext = new JacksonExtension(mapper);
+
+        ext.provide(ctx);
+
+        assertNotNull(ctx.require(Json.class));
+        assertNotNull(ctx.require(JacksonMiddleware.class));
+        assertSame(mapper, ctx.require(ObjectMapper.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void autoJson_factory_delegates_to_middleware_policy() throws Exception {
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+        JacksonExtension ext = new JacksonExtension(mapper);
+        RequestHandler next = new RequestHandler() {
+            @Override
+            public Object handle(Request request, Response response) {
+                return new Payload("ok");
+            }
+        };
+        RequestHandler wrapped = new RequestHandler() {
+            private final SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler delegate = ext.autoJson().wrap(next);
+
+            @Override
+            public Object handle(Request request, Response response) throws Exception {
+                return delegate.handle(request, response);
+            }
+        };
+
+        Response res = new Response(200, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
+        Object out = wrapped.handle(null, res);
+
+        assertTrue(out instanceof byte[]);
+        assertEquals("application/json", new String(res.getContentType(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    }
+
+    private record Payload(String status) {}
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-jackson/src/test/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/jackson/JacksonMiddlewareTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.jackson;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.SimpleHandler;
+import dev.relism.flash.http.ContentType;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Request;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.RequestHandler;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Response;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertInstanceOf;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+class JacksonMiddlewareTest {
+
+    private static final Request REQ = null;
+
+    @Test
+    void autoJson_marshalsPojo_toJsonBytes_and_setsJsonContentType() throws Exception {
+        JacksonMiddleware mw = new JacksonMiddleware(new ObjectMapper());
+        RequestHandler wrapped = wrap(mw, new UserDto("u1", "alice"));
+        Response res = new Response(200, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
+
+        Object out = wrapped.handle(REQ, res);
+
+        assertInstanceOf(byte[].class, out);
+        assertEquals("application/json", new String(res.getContentType(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        assertEquals("{\"id\":\"u1\",\"name\":\"alice\"}", new String((byte[]) out, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void autoJson_passThrough_for_response_string_charSequence_bytes_and_null() throws Exception {
+        JacksonMiddleware mw = new JacksonMiddleware(new ObjectMapper());
+
+        Response payloadResponse = new Response(201, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN).body("ok");
+        RequestHandler wrappedResponse = wrap(mw, payloadResponse);
+        Response res = new Response(200, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
+        assertSame(payloadResponse, wrappedResponse.handle(REQ, res));
+
+        String s = "hello";
+        assertSame(s, wrap(mw, s).handle(REQ, res));
+
+        CharSequence cs = new StringBuilder("hello-cs");
+        assertSame(cs, wrap(mw, cs).handle(REQ, res));
+
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[]{1, 2, 3};
+        assertSame(bytes, wrap(mw, bytes).handle(REQ, res));
+
+        assertSame(null, wrap(mw, null).handle(REQ, res));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void autoJson_wraps_serialization_errors_as_illegal_state() {
+        JacksonMiddleware mw = new JacksonMiddleware(new ObjectMapper());
+        RequestHandler wrapped = wrap(mw, new CyclicDto());
+        Response res = new Response(200, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
+
+        IllegalStateException ex = assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> wrapped.handle(REQ, res));
+        assertEquals("application/json", new String(res.getContentType(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        assertTrue(ex.getMessage().startsWith("Failed to serialize handler result as JSON:"));
+    }
+
+    private static RequestHandler wrap(JacksonMiddleware mw, Object fixedReturn) {
+        RequestHandler next = new RequestHandler() {
+            @Override
+            public Object handle(Request request, Response response) {
+                return fixedReturn;
+            }
+        };
+        return new RequestHandler() {
+            private final SimpleHandler.FunctionalHandler delegate = mw.autoJson().wrap(next);
+
+            @Override
+            public Object handle(Request request, Response response) throws Exception {
+                return delegate.handle(request, response);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private record UserDto(String id, String name) {}
+
+    private static final class CyclicDto {
+        CyclicDto self = this;
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-jackson/src/test/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/jackson/JsonTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.jackson;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonView;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import dev.relism.flash.exceptions.HttpException;
+import dev.relism.flash.http.ContentType;
+import dev.relism.flash.http.HttpMethod;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.HeaderMap;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Request;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.RequestLine;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Response;
+import dev.relism.flash.routing.routers.fastpathrouter.FastPathViews;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+class JsonTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void body_parses_valid_json_and_maps_bad_payload_to_http_400() throws Exception {
+        Json json = new Json(new ObjectMapper());
+
+        Request ok = request("{\"id\":\"u1\",\"name\":\"alice\"}");
+        UserDto dto = json.body(ok, UserDto.class);
+        assertEquals("u1", dto.id);
+        assertEquals("alice", dto.name);
+
+        Request bad = request("not-json");
+        HttpException ex = assertThrows(HttpException.class, () -> json.body(bad, UserDto.class));
+        assertEquals(400, ex.status());
+        assertTrue(ex.getMessage().startsWith("Invalid request body:"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void bodyFrom_parses_stream_and_maps_bad_payload_to_http_400() throws Exception {
+        Json json = new Json(new ObjectMapper());
+
+        Request ok = request("{\"id\":\"u2\",\"name\":\"bob\"}");
+        UserDto dto = json.bodyFrom(ok, UserDto.class);
+        assertEquals("u2", dto.id);
+        assertEquals("bob", dto.name);
+
+        Request bad = request("[");
+        HttpException ex = assertThrows(HttpException.class, () -> json.bodyFrom(bad, UserDto.class));
+        assertEquals(400, ex.status());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void write_and_writeView_set_content_type_and_render_expected_payload() throws Exception {
+        Json json = new Json(new ObjectMapper());
+        Response res = new Response(200, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
+
+        String payload = json.write(res, new UserDto("u3", "carol"));
+        assertEquals("application/json", new String(res.getContentType(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        assertEquals("{\"id\":\"u3\",\"name\":\"carol\"}", payload);
+
+        Response viewRes = new Response(200, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
+        String viewed = json.writeView(viewRes, new ViewDto("u4", "hidden"), PublicView.class);
+        assertEquals("application/json", new String(viewRes.getContentType(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        assertEquals("{\"id\":\"u4\"}", viewed);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void mapper_returns_underlying_object_mapper_instance() {
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+        Json json = new Json(mapper);
+        assertSame(mapper, json.mapper());
+    }
+
+    private static Request request(String body) {
+        return request(body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    }
+
+    private static Request request(byte[] body) {
+        RequestLine line = new RequestLine(
+                HttpMethod.POST,
+                new FastPathViews.StringByteView("/json"),
+                null,
+                new FastPathViews.StringByteView("HTTP/1.1"),
+                new HeaderMap()
+        );
+        return new Request(line, body);
+    }
+
+    private static final class UserDto {
+        public String id;
+        public String name;
+
+        public UserDto() {}
+
+        private UserDto(String id, String name) {
+            this.id = id;
+            this.name = name;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private interface PublicView {}
+    private interface InternalView {}
+
+    private static final class ViewDto {
+        @JsonView(PublicView.class)
+        public String id;
+        @JsonView(InternalView.class)
+        public String secret;
+
+        private ViewDto(String id, String secret) {
+            this.id = id;
+            this.secret = secret;
+        }
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/docs/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# flash-ext-limiter
+
+Rate limiting for the Flash HTTP server. Zero-allocation hot-path, lock-free counters,
+pluggable key resolvers, and two built-in algorithms.
+
+## What it provides
+
+| Component | Description |
+|---|---|
+| `@Limit` | Annotation for class-based handlers — processed once at boot |
+| `Guard` | Programmatic middleware factory for lambda routes |
+| `LimiterConfig` | Resolver registry — map string names to key-extraction lambdas |
+| `FIXED_WINDOW` | Clock-aligned counter reset; minimal memory |
+| `TOKEN_BUCKET` | Continuous refill; absorbs bursts smoothly |
+
+## Dependency
+
+```xml
+<dependency>
+    <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+    <artifactId>flash-ext-limiter</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+</dependency>
+```
+
+## Quick start
+
+```java
+// Default install — only the built-in "ip" resolver available
+FlashApp.create(8080)
+    .install(new LimiterExtension())
+    .scan("com.example.handlers");
+```
+
+```java
+// With custom resolvers
+LimiterConfig conf = new LimiterConfig()
+    .registerResolver("auth_user", req ->
+        ClaimsHolder.exists() ? ClaimsHolder.user().sub() : "anonymous");
+
+FlashApp.create(8080)
+    .install(new LimiterExtension(conf))
+    .scan("com.example.handlers");
+```
+
+## Installation order
+
+Install `LimiterExtension` **before** authentication extensions. Rate-limit checks
+then short-circuit over-limit requests before expensive token validation runs.
+
+```java
+app.install(new LimiterExtension(conf))   // ← first
+   .install(new OidcExtension(oidcConf))  // ← second
+   .scan("com.example");
+```
+
+## Docs
+
+| File | Contents |
+|---|---|
+| [key-resolvers.md](key-resolvers.md) | Resolver registration, built-in defaults, custom logic |
+| [annotation.md](annotation.md) | `@Limit` reference — all fields and examples |
+| [guard.md](guard.md) | `Guard` for lambda routes — all overloads |
+| [strategies.md](strategies.md) | `FIXED_WINDOW` vs `TOKEN_BUCKET` — algorithm reference |
+| [http-headers.md](http-headers.md) | HTTP compliance — headers and 429 response |

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/docs/annotation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# @Limit annotation
+
+Applies a rate limit to a **class-based** `RequestHandler`. The annotation is read once
+per handler class at boot by the `LimiterExtension` annotation processor — zero overhead
+at request time.
+
+## Declaration
+
+```java
+@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+public @interface Limit {
+    String      key()        default "ip";
+    int         requests();
+    long        window();
+    TimeUnit    windowUnit() default TimeUnit.SECONDS;
+    LimitStrategy strategy() default LimitStrategy.FIXED_WINDOW;
+}
+```
+
+## Fields
+
+| Field | Type | Default | Description |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `key` | `String` | `"ip"` | Name of the key resolver registered in `LimiterConfig` |
+| `requests` | `int` | — | Maximum requests allowed per window (required) |
+| `window` | `long` | — | Window duration in `windowUnit` units (required) |
+| `windowUnit` | `TimeUnit` | `SECONDS` | Time unit for `window` |
+| `strategy` | `LimitStrategy` | `FIXED_WINDOW` | Rate-limit algorithm |
+
+## Basic usage
+
+### 100 requests per second per IP (default)
+
+```java
+@Route(method = HttpMethod.GET, path = "/api/search")
+@Limit(requests = 100, window = 1)
+public class SearchHandler extends RequestHandler {
+    public Object handle(Request req, Response res) {
+        return searchService.query(req.query("q"));
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 20 requests per minute per authenticated user
+
+```java
+@Route(method = HttpMethod.POST, path = "/api/report")
+@Limit(key = "auth_user", requests = 20, window = 1, windowUnit = TimeUnit.MINUTES)
+@Authenticated
+public class ReportHandler extends RequestHandler {
+    public Object handle(Request req, Response res) { ... }
+}
+```
+
+Order of annotation processors: register `LimiterExtension` before `OidcExtension`
+so the rate-limit middleware wraps the outer layer of the chain and fires before auth.
+
+### Token bucket — absorb bursts
+
+```java
+@Route(method = HttpMethod.POST, path = "/api/upload")
+@Limit(
+    key        = "api_key",
+    requests   = 50,
+    window     = 1,
+    windowUnit = TimeUnit.MINUTES,
+    strategy   = LimitStrategy.TOKEN_BUCKET
+)
+public class UploadHandler extends RequestHandler { ... }
+```
+
+### Large window — 1000 requests per hour
+
+```java
+@Route(method = HttpMethod.GET, path = "/api/export")
+@Limit(requests = 1000, window = 1, windowUnit = TimeUnit.HOURS)
+public class ExportHandler extends RequestHandler { ... }
+```
+
+### Strict per-second limit on a public endpoint
+
+```java
+@Route(method = HttpMethod.GET, path = "/api/prices")
+@Limit(requests = 10, window = 1, windowUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+public class PriceHandler extends RequestHandler { ... }
+```
+
+## Combining @Limit with other annotations
+
+`@Limit` composes naturally with `@Authenticated`, `@RolesAllowed`, and `@ApiOperation`.
+Each annotation is processed by its own processor; Flash collects all middleware and
+composes them in processor registration order.
+
+When `flash-ext-openapi` is installed, `@Limit` also contributes OpenAPI response
+headers (`X-RateLimit-*`) and `Retry-After` on `429` automatically.
+
+```java
+@Route(method = HttpMethod.DELETE, path = "/admin/users/{id}")
+@Limit(key = "auth_user", requests = 5, window = 1, windowUnit = TimeUnit.MINUTES)
+@RolesAllowed("admin")
+@ApiOperation(summary = "Delete a user", tags = "admin")
+public class DeleteUserHandler extends RequestHandler { ... }
+```
+
+Execution chain (outermost → handler):
+`LimiterMiddleware → OidcRolesMiddleware → DeleteUserHandler`
+
+## Fail-fast at boot
+
+If `key` names a resolver not registered in `LimiterConfig`, the server refuses to start:
+
+```
+dev.relism.exceptions.InitializationException:
+  Rate-limit resolver "auth_user" is not registered.
+  Call LimiterConfig.registerResolver("auth_user", req -> ...) before install.
+```
+
+There is no silent fallback — a misconfigured rate limit is treated as a hard error.
+
+## What happens on violation
+
+```
+HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
+X-RateLimit-Limit:     100
+X-RateLimit-Remaining: 0
+X-RateLimit-Reset:     1711750860
+Retry-After:           1
+Content-Type:          text/plain
+
+Too Many Requests
+```
+
+The handler body is never invoked. See [http-headers.md](http-headers.md) for the full
+header reference.

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/docs/guard.md

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+# Guard — programmatic rate limiting for lambda routes
+
+`Guard` is the rate-limit API for lambda (inline) route registrations. It produces
+a `Middleware` that is composed once at route-wiring time — the resolver lambda is
+captured directly into the closure, with no map lookup on the request hot-path.
+
+## Obtaining Guard
+
+`Guard` is provided in the `FlashContext` after `LimiterExtension` is installed:
+
+```java
+Guard guard = app.ctx().require(Guard.class);
+```
+
+Or inside another extension:
+
+```java
+public void install(FlashRegistrar app, FlashContext ctx) {
+    Guard guard = ctx.require(Guard.class);
+    // ...
+}
+```
+
+## API
+
+```java
+// Fixed window (default strategy)
+Middleware limit(String resolverKey, int requests, long window, TimeUnit unit)
+
+// Explicit strategy
+Middleware limit(String resolverKey, int requests, long window, TimeUnit unit, LimitStrategy strategy)
+```
+
+Both overloads:
+- Resolve the named key lambda **once** at call time (fail-fast if unknown).
+- Return a stateless `Middleware` whose closure captures the lambda and `LimitConfig` directly.
+- Share the `BucketStore` with all other rules registered through this `LimiterExtension` instance.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Simple per-IP limit on a lambda route
+
+```java
+Guard guard = app.ctx().require(Guard.class);
+
+app.get("/api/search", (req, res) -> searchService.query(req.query("q")))
+   .with(guard.limit("ip", 100, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+```
+
+### Per authenticated user — token bucket
+
+```java
+app.post("/api/export", (req, res) -> exportService.run(req))
+   .with(guard.limit("auth_user", 10, 1, TimeUnit.MINUTES, LimitStrategy.TOKEN_BUCKET));
+```
+
+### Chaining with other middleware
+
+`Guard.limit(...)` returns a plain `Middleware`, so it composes with `Middleware.of()`
+and `.andThen()` exactly like any other middleware:
+
+```java
+Middleware secured = Middleware.of(
+    guard.limit("ip", 200, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS),   // ← outermost: runs first
+    oidc.protect()
+);
+
+app.get("/dashboard", handler).with(secured);
+```
+
+Or with `.andThen()` for two middlewares:
+
+```java
+app.get("/dashboard", handler)
+   .with(guard.limit("ip", 200, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS).andThen(oidc.protect()));
+```
+
+### Different limits on the same path by method
+
+```java
+// Read: 500/s; Write: 20/s
+app.get("/api/items",  readHandler) .with(guard.limit("ip", 500, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+app.post("/api/items", writeHandler).with(guard.limit("ip",  20, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+```
+
+Each `.with(guard.limit(...))` call creates an independent bucket store key namespace —
+GET and POST requests to `/api/items` share the same IP bucket only if you share the same
+`Middleware` instance. Using two `guard.limit(...)` calls creates **two independent buckets**.
+
+### Reusing a middleware instance across routes
+
+To share a single bucket pool across multiple routes (treating them as one combined limit):
+
+```java
+Middleware sharedIpLimit = guard.limit("ip", 1000, 1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+
+app.get("/api/items",      handler1).with(sharedIpLimit);
+app.get("/api/items/{id}", handler2).with(sharedIpLimit);
+app.post("/api/items",     handler3).with(sharedIpLimit);
+```
+
+All three routes now draw from the same per-IP bucket — 1000 combined requests per minute.
+
+### Inside an extension
+
+```java
+public class MyApiExtension implements FlashExtension {
+    public void install(FlashRegistrar app, FlashContext ctx) {
+        Guard guard = ctx.require(Guard.class);  // LimiterExtension must be installed first
+
+        Middleware ipLimit = guard.limit("ip", 60, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+
+        app.get("/api/status",  statusHandler) .with(ipLimit);
+        app.get("/api/metrics", metricsHandler).with(ipLimit);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Large window
+
+```java
+app.get("/api/export", exportHandler)
+   .with(guard.limit("api_key", 50, 24, TimeUnit.HOURS));
+```
+
+## Fail-fast
+
+If the resolver name is not registered, `guard.limit(...)` throws immediately
+(at wiring time, not at request time):
+
+```
+InitializationException: Rate-limit resolver "auth_user" is not registered.
+```
+
+## Comparison: Guard vs @Limit
+
+| | `@Limit` | `Guard.limit(...)` |
+|---|---|---|
+| Route style | Class-based `RequestHandler` | Lambda `(req, res) -> ...` |
+| Configuration | Annotation fields | Method arguments |
+| Where resolved | `AnnotationProcessor` at `scan()` | `guard.limit(...)` call at wiring |
+| Hot-path overhead | Zero | Zero |
+| Fail-fast | Yes | Yes |
+| Composable with `Middleware.of()` | Via annotation processor order | Yes, directly |

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/docs/http-headers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# HTTP headers and 429 response
+
+The extension injects standard rate-limit headers on **every** request — both allowed
+and rejected. Clients can use these headers to implement back-off logic without waiting
+for a 429.
+
+## Response headers
+
+| Header | Type | Description |
+|---|---|---|
+| `X-RateLimit-Limit` | integer | Maximum requests allowed in the current window |
+| `X-RateLimit-Remaining` | integer | Requests remaining in the current window (≥ 0) |
+| `X-RateLimit-Reset` | Unix timestamp (s) | When the quota resets or the next token arrives |
+| `Retry-After` | seconds | **Only on 429** — how long to wait before retrying (≥ 1) |
+
+### Example — allowed request
+
+```
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+X-RateLimit-Limit:     100
+X-RateLimit-Remaining: 73
+X-RateLimit-Reset:     1711750860
+Content-Type: application/json
+```
+
+### Example — rejected request (429)
+
+```
+HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
+X-RateLimit-Limit:     100
+X-RateLimit-Remaining: 0
+X-RateLimit-Reset:     1711750860
+Retry-After:           1
+Content-Type: text/plain
+
+Too Many Requests
+```
+
+## Header semantics by strategy
+
+### FIXED_WINDOW
+
+| Header | Value |
+|---|---|
+| `X-RateLimit-Reset` | Unix timestamp of the **next window start** (aligned to clock) |
+| `Retry-After` | Seconds until `X-RateLimit-Reset` (minimum 1) |
+
+At a 1-second window boundary `Retry-After` will typically be `1`.
+
+### TOKEN_BUCKET
+
+| Header | Value |
+|---|---|
+| `X-RateLimit-Remaining` | Current token count (may increase between requests due to refill) |
+| `X-RateLimit-Reset` | Estimated Unix timestamp when the **next token arrives** |
+| `Retry-After` | Milliseconds-precise estimate converted to seconds (minimum 1) |
+
+Because the token bucket refills continuously, `X-RateLimit-Reset` is a near-future
+timestamp rather than an aligned window boundary.
+
+## Retry-After precision
+
+`Retry-After` is computed as:
+
+```
+retryAfter = max(1, X-RateLimit-Reset - currentTimeSeconds)
+```
+
+The minimum value is always `1` second — RFC 7231 discourages `Retry-After: 0` as it
+encourages instant retry loops.
+
+## Client-side back-off example (Java)
+
+```java
+HttpResponse<String> res = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());
+
+if (res.statusCode() == 429) {
+    String retryAfter = res.headers().firstValue("Retry-After").orElse("1");
+    long waitMs = Long.parseLong(retryAfter) * 1000L;
+    Thread.sleep(waitMs);
+    // retry...
+}
+```
+
+## Client-side back-off example (JavaScript fetch)
+
+```js
+const res = await fetch('/api/search?q=flash');
+
+if (res.status === 429) {
+    const retryAfter = parseInt(res.headers.get('Retry-After') ?? '1', 10);
+    await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, retryAfter * 1000));
+    // retry...
+}
+```
+
+## Monitoring / alerting
+
+`X-RateLimit-Remaining` can be scraped by a metrics agent to track approaching limits
+before they hit 429:
+
+- `remaining / limit < 0.1` → warning (less than 10% quota left)
+- `status == 429` → rate-limit violation counter increment
+
+If `flash-ext-limiter` is used together with a future metrics extension, the 429 rate
+per resolver key is a natural signal for abuse detection or auto-scaling.
+
+## Header injection timing
+
+Headers are injected **before** calling `next.handle(req, res)` on allowed requests,
+and **instead of** calling it on rejected requests. This means:
+
+- Handlers cannot accidentally overwrite `X-RateLimit-*` headers (they are set first,
+  but handlers that call `res.header(...)` with the same name will add a second value —
+  avoid this by not setting these headers manually).
+- On 429, the handler body is never executed — no side effects occur.
+
+## Integration with Swagger UI (flash-ext-openapi)
+
+When `flash-ext-openapi` is installed, handlers annotated with `@Limit` automatically
+contribute rate-limit response headers to generated OpenAPI responses:
+
+- `X-RateLimit-Limit`
+- `X-RateLimit-Remaining`
+- `X-RateLimit-Reset`
+- `Retry-After` on `429`
+
+If `429` is not manually declared, OpenAPI auto-adds `429 Too Many Requests`.

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/docs/key-resolvers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+# Key Resolvers
+
+A **key resolver** is a lambda `Request → String` that extracts the partition key used
+to identify who a rate limit applies to. Each unique key value gets its own independent
+bucket — so `"ip"` limits per client address, `"auth_user"` limits per logged-in user, etc.
+
+## Built-in resolver: `"ip"`
+
+Always present. Cannot be removed; can be overridden with `registerResolver("ip", ...)`.
+
+Resolution order:
+1. `X-Forwarded-For` header — first address in the comma-separated list (client behind proxy)
+2. `X-Real-IP` header — single forwarded IP (nginx `proxy_set_header X-Real-IP`)
+3. `req.remoteAddress().getAddress().getHostAddress()` — direct socket address, zero allocation
+   (the `InetSocketAddress` already exists from `ServerSocket.accept()`; only `getHostAddress()`
+   allocates a String, and only when the first two headers are absent)
+4. `"unknown"` — only if `remoteAddress()` is null (test-constructed requests)
+
+```java
+// Override the built-in "ip" resolver to trust only the last hop in X-Forwarded-For
+conf.registerResolver("ip", req -> {
+    String xff = req.header("X-Forwarded-For");
+    if (xff != null) {
+        String[] parts = xff.split(",");
+        return parts[parts.length - 1].strip();   // last = most recent proxy
+    }
+    return req.header("X-Real-IP") != null ? req.header("X-Real-IP").strip() : "unknown";
+});
+```
+
+
+## Registering custom resolvers
+
+```java
+LimiterConfig conf = new LimiterConfig();
+```
+
+### By authenticated user (OIDC / ClaimsHolder)
+
+```java
+conf.registerResolver("auth_user", req ->
+    ClaimsHolder.exists() ? ClaimsHolder.user().sub() : "anonymous");
+```
+
+Requests from unauthenticated users share the `"anonymous"` bucket. If you want
+unauthenticated requests to be unlimited, pair this resolver with `@Limit` only on
+handlers that are already protected by `@Authenticated`.
+
+### By API key header
+
+```java
+conf.registerResolver("api_key", req -> {
+    String key = req.header("X-Api-Key");
+    return key != null ? key : "none";
+});
+```
+
+### By tenant (multi-tenant SaaS)
+
+```java
+conf.registerResolver("tenant", req -> {
+    // Extract from subdomain: acme.api.example.com → "acme"
+    String host = req.header("Host");
+    if (host == null) return "unknown";
+    int dot = host.indexOf('.');
+    return dot > 0 ? host.substring(0, dot) : host;
+});
+```
+
+### By IP + path (per-endpoint per-IP)
+
+Combines two dimensions into a single key string:
+
+```java
+conf.registerResolver("ip_path", req -> {
+    String ip   = req.header("X-Forwarded-For");
+    if (ip == null) ip = "unknown";
+    int comma = ip.indexOf(',');
+    if (comma > 0) ip = ip.substring(0, comma).strip();
+    return ip + "|" + req.path();
+});
+```
+
+### Composite: role-based bucket size
+
+One resolver, two different `@Limit` thresholds on two handler classes. The resolver
+returns the same key for the same user regardless of endpoint; the limit is set per handler.
+
+```java
+conf.registerResolver("auth_user", req ->
+    ClaimsHolder.exists() ? ClaimsHolder.user().sub() : "anon");
+```
+
+```java
+@Limit(key = "auth_user", requests = 1000, window = 1)   // privileged endpoint
+public class AdminReportHandler extends RequestHandler { ... }
+
+@Limit(key = "auth_user", requests = 20,   window = 1)   // public endpoint
+public class PublicSearchHandler extends RequestHandler { ... }
+```
+
+The two handlers maintain **independent buckets** for the same user — each `@Limit`
+annotation gets its own `BucketStore`.
+
+## Resolver contract
+
+```java
+@FunctionalInterface
+public interface KeyResolver {
+    String resolve(Request req);  // must never return null; return "unknown" as fallback
+}
+```
+
+- Must not return `null` — a null key will throw `NullPointerException` inside `ConcurrentHashMap`.
+- Must be **thread-safe** — called concurrently from virtual threads.
+- Should be **fast** — it runs on every request for every rate-limited route.
+- No state should be mutated — treat `Request` as read-only.
+
+## Fail-fast validation
+
+If a `@Limit` annotation or `guard.limit(...)` call references a resolver name that was never
+registered, the server **refuses to start** with `InitializationException`:
+
+```
+InitializationException: Rate-limit resolver "auth_user" is not registered.
+Call LimiterConfig.registerResolver("auth_user", req -> ...) before install.
+```
+
+This check happens at boot time (annotation processor / Guard wiring), not at request time.
+
+## Registration API
+
+```java
+LimiterConfig conf = new LimiterConfig()
+    .registerResolver("auth_user", req -> ...)
+    .registerResolver("tenant",    req -> ...)
+    .registerResolver("api_key",   req -> ...);
+
+app.install(new LimiterExtension(conf));
+```
+
+`registerResolver` returns `this` for fluent chaining. Calling it with an existing name
+**replaces** the previous resolver — this is how you override the built-in `"ip"` resolver.

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/docs/strategies.md

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+# Rate-limit strategies
+
+Two algorithms are built in. Both are lock-free (CAS-only), operate on pre-allocated
+`Bucket` state, and write results into a caller-supplied `long[2]` — zero per-request allocation.
+
+## FIXED_WINDOW
+
+```java
+@Limit(strategy = LimitStrategy.FIXED_WINDOW, ...)   // default, can be omitted
+guard.limit("ip", 100, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)           // default
+```
+
+### How it works
+
+The request counter resets to zero at each clock-aligned window boundary.
+
+```
+ window 1         window 2         window 3
+|────────────────|────────────────|────────────────|
+ cnt: 0 1 2 … N  cnt: 0 1 2 … N  cnt: 0 1 2 … N
+```
+
+With `requests = 100, window = 1s`:
+- Requests 1–100 in a given second → allowed
+- Request 101+ in that second → 429, allowed again at second +1
+
+### Implementation
+
+All state is packed into a single `AtomicLong` (`Bucket.slot0`):
+
+```
+high 32 bits = reduced epoch  = (currentTimeMs / windowMs) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+low  32 bits = request count in the current window
+```
+
+One CAS operation per request. At a window boundary the same CAS atomically resets the
+counter to 1. No locks, no additional fields.
+
+### Burst behaviour
+
+Because the window is fixed to the clock, a burst can occur at the boundary:
+up to `N` requests at the end of window 1 followed immediately by `N` requests at the
+start of window 2 → `2N` requests in a short interval.
+
+```
+   window 1  │  window 2
+ ────────────┼────────────
+  99 100 101 │ 1  2  3  4
+             ↑ reset: 101 → 429, then 1 is allowed
+```
+
+If burst tolerance is unacceptable, use `TOKEN_BUCKET`.
+
+### When to use
+
+- Simple API rate limiting where occasional boundary bursts are acceptable.
+- Scenarios where a hard "N requests per clock second/minute" guarantee matters.
+- When you want minimal per-bucket memory (one `AtomicLong`, `Bucket.slot1` unused).
+
+---
+
+## TOKEN_BUCKET
+
+```java
+@Limit(strategy = LimitStrategy.TOKEN_BUCKET, ...)
+guard.limit("ip", 100, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS, LimitStrategy.TOKEN_BUCKET)
+```
+
+### How it works
+
+The bucket holds up to `requests` tokens and refills at a continuous rate of
+`requests / window` tokens per millisecond. Each request consumes one token.
+A client that was idle accumulates tokens and can fire a burst, but sustained
+excess traffic drains the bucket and triggers 429s.
+
+```
+tokens
+  N ─┐           ┌──── refill slope ────┐
+     │           │                      │
+  0  └───────────┘ ←─ burst consumed ──→│
+      burst here    429s during drain   recovery
+```
+
+### Refill rate
+
+`refillPerMs = (requests × 1000) / windowMs`  (integer, minimum 1)
+
+For `requests = 100, window = 1s`:
+- Refill rate: 100 tokens/s = 1 token/10 ms
+- Max capacity: 100 tokens
+- A client idle for 500 ms accumulates 50 tokens and can fire 50 requests instantly.
+
+### Implementation
+
+- `Bucket.slot0` — current tokens × 1000 (fixed-point, avoids floating-point math)
+- `Bucket.slot1` — last-refill timestamp in ms (0 = uninitialised → bucket starts full)
+
+One CAS loop on `slot0` per request; `slot1` updated best-effort after CAS success.
+The bounded inaccuracy from the non-atomic dual update is at most a few nanoseconds —
+negligible and self-correcting for rate limiting.
+
+### Bucket starts full
+
+On the very first request, `slot1 == 0`. The strategy treats this as "one full window
+elapsed" → `currentTokens = max`. The bucket starts at capacity; no warm-up needed.
+
+### When to use
+
+- APIs where clients legitimately batch requests (analytics, bulk imports).
+- Endpoints where smooth throughput matters more than hard per-second guarantees.
+- Any scenario where `FIXED_WINDOW` boundary bursts would be problematic.
+
+---
+
+## Comparison
+
+| | `FIXED_WINDOW` | `TOKEN_BUCKET` |
+|---|---|---|
+| Algorithm | Aligned counter reset | Continuous token refill |
+| Burst handling | Allows 2× limit at boundaries | Absorbs bursts up to bucket capacity |
+| Memory per bucket | 1 × `AtomicLong` used | 2 × `AtomicLong` used |
+| Clock alignment | Yes (predictable resets) | No (smooth) |
+| Typical use case | Simple request quotas | APIs with legitimate burst patterns |
+| CAS operations per request | 1 (usually) | 1 (usually) |
+
+Both strategies use the same `Bucket` type. Both are lock-free and allocation-free after
+the bucket is first created.
+
+---
+
+## Adding a custom strategy
+
+Implement `RateLimitStrategy` and wrap it in a `LimitStrategy` enum constant:
+
+```java
+// 1. Implement the strategy
+public final class SlidingWindowStrategy implements RateLimitStrategy {
+    @Override
+    public boolean check(Bucket bucket, LimitConfig cfg, long[] out) {
+        // ... lock-free implementation using bucket.slot0 / slot1
+        return allowed;
+    }
+}
+
+// 2. Add to the enum
+public enum LimitStrategy {
+    FIXED_WINDOW { ... },
+    TOKEN_BUCKET { ... },
+    SLIDING_WINDOW {
+        @Override
+        public RateLimitStrategy create() { return new SlidingWindowStrategy(); }
+    };
+    public abstract RateLimitStrategy create();
+}
+```
+
+The new strategy is immediately available to `@Limit(strategy = LimitStrategy.SLIDING_WINDOW)`
+and `guard.limit("ip", 100, 1, SECONDS, LimitStrategy.SLIDING_WINDOW)`.
+
+### Strategy contract
+
+```java
+public interface RateLimitStrategy {
+    /**
+     * @param bucket  pre-allocated per-key state (never null)
+     * @param cfg     immutable rule config (limit, windowMs)
+     * @param out     out[0] = remaining, out[1] = reset epoch-seconds
+     * @return true = allowed, false = rejected (429)
+     */
+    boolean check(Bucket bucket, LimitConfig cfg, long[] out);
+}
+```
+
+Requirements for custom implementations:
+- **Lock-free** — use `AtomicLong.compareAndSet`; no `synchronized` or `ReentrantLock`.
+- **Stateless** — all mutable state must live in `Bucket.slot0` / `Bucket.slot1`.
+- **No allocation** — `out[]` is the only output channel; do not create objects on the hot path.
+- **Thread-safe** — called concurrently from many virtual threads.

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+        <artifactId>flash-extensions</artifactId>
+        <version>2.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <artifactId>flash-ext-limiter</artifactId>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+            <artifactId>flash</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+            <artifactId>flash-ext-openapi</artifactId>
+            <optional>true</optional>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
+            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+</project>

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/Bucket.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+
+/**
+ * Pre-allocated per-key rate limit state. Holds two {@link AtomicLong} slots whose
+ * semantics are strategy-specific:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li><b>FIXED_WINDOW</b>: {@code slot0} = packed {@code (epoch << 32 | count)},
+ *       {@code slot1} unused.</li>
+ *   <li><b>SLIDING_WINDOW</b>: {@code slot0} = packed {@code (epoch << 32 | count)},
+ *       {@code slot1} = request count from the immediately preceding epoch.</li>
+ *   <li><b>TOKEN_BUCKET</b>: {@code slot0} = tokens × 1000 (scaled),
+ *       {@code slot1} = last-refill timestamp (ms since epoch).</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>Buckets are created once per unique key (via {@link BucketStore}) and reused
+ * for the lifetime of the server — zero allocation on the warm path.
+ */
+public final class Bucket {
+    public final AtomicLong slot0 = new AtomicLong(0L);
+    public final AtomicLong slot1 = new AtomicLong(0L);
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/BucketStore.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+/**
+ * Thread-safe store of pre-allocated {@link Bucket} instances keyed by partition key.
+ *
+ * <p>On the warm path (key already seen), {@link #get} performs a single
+ * {@link ConcurrentHashMap} lookup — no allocation. On the cold path (new key),
+ * {@code computeIfAbsent} allocates exactly one {@link Bucket} and inserts it.
+ *
+ * <p>Buckets accumulate indefinitely; for workloads with unbounded unique keys
+ * (e.g. one-shot crawlers), consider periodic store replacement or a bounded
+ * LRU map implementation.
+ */
+public final class BucketStore {
+
+    private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Bucket> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the bucket for {@code key}, creating one if absent.
+     * Two threads racing on the same new key are guaranteed to receive the same bucket instance.
+     */
+    public Bucket get(String key) {
+        Bucket b = map.get(key);
+        return b != null ? b : map.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new Bucket());
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/Guard.java

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.exceptions.InitializationException;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashContext;
+import dev.relism.flash.routing.Middleware;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+/**
+ * Manual rate-limit guard for lambda routes.
+ *
+ * <p>Available via {@link FlashContext}:
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * Guard guard = ctx.require(Guard.class);
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * <p>{@link #limit} creates a {@link Middleware} that is composed once at route registration
+ * time — the resolver lambda is captured directly from the registry (no runtime map lookup):
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * // 50 req/s per IP — fixed window (default)
+ * app.get("/api/search", handler, guard.limit("ip", 50, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+ *
+ * // 10 req/min per authenticated user — token bucket
+ * app.post("/api/export", handler, guard.limit("auth_user", 10, 1, TimeUnit.MINUTES, LimitStrategy.TOKEN_BUCKET));
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * <p>The resolver name is looked up once here (at wiring time, not on each request).
+ * If the name is not registered, {@link InitializationException}
+ * is thrown immediately.
+ */
+public final class Guard {
+
+    private final LimiterConfig config;
+    private final BucketStore   store;
+
+    Guard(LimiterConfig config, BucketStore store) {
+        this.config = config;
+        this.store  = store;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@link Middleware} that enforces the given rate limit using
+     * {@link LimitStrategy#FIXED_WINDOW}.
+     *
+     * @param resolverKey name registered via {@link LimiterConfig#registerResolver}
+     * @param requests    maximum requests allowed per window
+     * @param window      window duration in {@code unit}
+     * @param unit        time unit for {@code window}
+     */
+    public Middleware limit(String resolverKey, int requests, long window, TimeUnit unit) {
+        return limit(resolverKey, requests, window, unit, LimitStrategy.FIXED_WINDOW);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@link Middleware} that enforces the given rate limit with the specified strategy.
+     *
+     * @param resolverKey name registered via {@link LimiterConfig#registerResolver}
+     * @param requests    maximum requests allowed per window
+     * @param window      window duration in {@code unit}
+     * @param unit        time unit for {@code window}
+     * @param strategy    rate-limit algorithm
+     */
+    public Middleware limit(String resolverKey, int requests, long window, TimeUnit unit, LimitStrategy strategy) {
+        // Fail-fast: resolve the lambda at wiring time, not at request time.
+        KeyResolver resolver = config.requireResolver(resolverKey);
+        LimitConfig cfg      = new LimitConfig(requests, unit.toMillis(window), strategy.create());
+        return LimiterExtension.buildMiddleware(resolver, cfg, store);
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/KeyResolver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Request;
+
+/**
+ * Extracts a partition key from an incoming request.
+ *
+ * <p>The resolved key identifies who the rate limit applies to — an IP address,
+ * an authenticated user ID, an API key, etc. Implementations are captured once
+ * at route registration time and called directly (no registry lookup) on every request.
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * conf.registerResolver("ip",       req -> req.header("X-Forwarded-For"));
+ * conf.registerResolver("auth_user", req -> ClaimsHolder.user().sub());
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+@FunctionalInterface
+public interface KeyResolver {
+    String resolve(Request req);
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/Limit.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.exceptions.InitializationException;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.RequestHandler;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+/**
+ * Applies a rate limit to a class-based {@link RequestHandler}.
+ *
+ * <p>The annotation is processed at boot time by the {@link LimiterExtension} annotation
+ * processor. If {@link #key()} names a resolver that was never registered,
+ * startup fails immediately with {@link InitializationException}.
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * // 100 req/s per client IP — fixed window
+ * @Limit(requests = 100, window = 1)
+ * public class SearchHandler extends RequestHandler { ... }
+ *
+ * // 20 req/min per authenticated user — token bucket
+ * @Limit(key = "auth_user", requests = 20, window = 1, windowUnit = TimeUnit.MINUTES,
+ *        strategy = LimitStrategy.TOKEN_BUCKET)
+ * public class ExpensiveHandler extends RequestHandler { ... }
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+public @interface Limit {
+
+    /** Name of the resolver registered via {@link LimiterConfig#registerResolver}. Default: {@code "ip"}. */
+    String key() default "ip";
+
+    /** Maximum number of requests allowed per {@link #window()}. */
+    int requests();
+
+    /** Window duration in {@link #windowUnit()} units. */
+    long window();
+
+    /** Unit for {@link #window()}. Default: {@link TimeUnit#SECONDS}. */
+    TimeUnit windowUnit() default TimeUnit.SECONDS;
+
+    /** Rate-limit algorithm. Default: {@link LimitStrategy#FIXED_WINDOW}. */
+    LimitStrategy strategy() default LimitStrategy.FIXED_WINDOW;
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/LimitConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable configuration snapshot for a single rate-limit rule.
+ * Created once at boot time and captured directly in the middleware closure.
+ *
+ * @param limit      Maximum allowed requests per window.
+ * @param windowMs   Window duration in milliseconds.
+ * @param strategy   Strategy instance bound to this rule (one per rule, not shared).
+ */
+public record LimitConfig(int limit, long windowMs, RateLimitStrategy strategy) {}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/LimitStrategy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.strategy.FixedWindowStrategy;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.strategy.SlidingWindowStrategy;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.strategy.TokenBucketStrategy;
+
+/**
+ * Enumeration of built-in rate-limit algorithms. Each constant is a factory
+ * for its corresponding {@link RateLimitStrategy} implementation.
+ *
+ * <p>New algorithms can be added here without touching the rest of the extension.
+ * The enum value is referenced by {@link Limit#strategy()} so user code refers
+ * to the algorithm by name ({@code LimitStrategy.FIXED_WINDOW}) rather than
+ * instantiating strategy objects directly.
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * @Limit(key = "ip", requests = 100, window = 1, strategy = LimitStrategy.TOKEN_BUCKET)
+ * public class SearchHandler extends RequestHandler { ... }
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+public enum LimitStrategy {
+
+    /**
+     * Fixed-window counter: resets to zero at each clock-aligned window boundary.
+     * Simple, minimal memory, but allows up to 2× the limit in bursts that straddle
+     * two windows.
+     */
+    FIXED_WINDOW {
+        @Override
+        public RateLimitStrategy create() { return new FixedWindowStrategy(); }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Token-bucket: tokens refill continuously. Smooth burst absorption — a client
+     * that was idle accumulates tokens and can fire a short burst, but sustained
+     * excess traffic is rejected. Preferred for API endpoints where occasional bursts
+     * are legitimate.
+     */
+    TOKEN_BUCKET {
+        @Override
+        public RateLimitStrategy create() { return new TokenBucketStrategy(); }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Sliding-window counter: interpolates between the previous window's count and the
+     * current window's count weighted by how far into the current window we are.
+     * Eliminates the boundary burst of {@link #FIXED_WINDOW} while remaining O(1)
+     * memory and lock-free. Slight approximation — worst-case error ≈ a few percent at
+     * window boundaries.
+     */
+    SLIDING_WINDOW {
+        @Override
+        public RateLimitStrategy create() { return new SlidingWindowStrategy(); }
+    };
+
+    /** Creates a fresh, stateless {@link RateLimitStrategy} instance for this algorithm. */
+    public abstract RateLimitStrategy create();
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/LimiterConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.exceptions.InitializationException;
+
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Extension configuration: holds the named {@link KeyResolver} registry.
+ *
+ * <p>Resolvers are registered during the <em>config phase</em> (before {@code install}).
+ * After {@link LimiterExtension#install} is called, the registry is consulted once per
+ * route/handler at boot to capture the resolver lambda directly into the middleware closure.
+ * There is no map lookup on the request hot-path.
+ *
+ * <p>The built-in {@code "ip"} resolver is always present and extracts the client IP from
+ * {@code X-Forwarded-For} (first address) or {@code X-Real-IP}. Override it with
+ * {@code registerResolver("ip", ...)} if needed.
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * LimiterConfig conf = new LimiterConfig()
+ *     .registerResolver("auth_user", req -> {
+ *         // custom logic — e.g. extract sub from ClaimsHolder
+ *         return ClaimsHolder.exists() ? ClaimsHolder.user().sub() : "anonymous";
+ *     });
+ *
+ * app.install(new LimiterExtension(conf));
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+public final class LimiterConfig {
+
+    private final Map<String, KeyResolver> resolvers = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+    public LimiterConfig() {
+        // Built-in mandatory "ip" resolver.
+        // Resolution order (standard reverse-proxy chain):
+        //   1. X-Forwarded-For — first address (client behind one or more proxies)
+        //   2. X-Real-IP       — single forwarded IP (nginx proxy_set_header X-Real-IP)
+        //   3. Socket address  — direct connection, no proxy headers (zero alloc: the
+        //                        InetSocketAddress already exists from accept(); only
+        //                        getHostAddress() allocates a String, and only when reached)
+        resolvers.put("ip", req -> {
+            String xff = req.header("X-Forwarded-For");
+            if (xff != null) {
+                int comma = xff.indexOf(',');
+                return comma > 0 ? xff.substring(0, comma).strip() : xff.strip();
+            }
+            String xri = req.header("X-Real-IP");
+            if (xri != null) return xri.strip();
+            InetSocketAddress addr = req.remoteAddress();
+            return addr != null ? addr.getAddress().getHostAddress() : "unknown";
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers (or replaces) a named key resolver. Returns {@code this} for fluent chaining.
+     *
+     * @param name     identifier referenced by {@link Limit#key()} and {@link Guard#limit}
+     * @param resolver lambda that extracts the partition key from a request
+     */
+    public LimiterConfig registerResolver(String name, KeyResolver resolver) {
+        if (name == null || name.isBlank()) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Resolver name must not be blank");
+        if (resolver == null)               throw new IllegalArgumentException("Resolver must not be null");
+        resolvers.put(name, resolver);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the resolver for {@code name}.
+     *
+     * @throws InitializationException if no resolver with that name has been registered —
+     *         checked at boot time so misconfigurations surface immediately.
+     */
+    KeyResolver requireResolver(String name) {
+        KeyResolver r = resolvers.get(name);
+        if (r == null) throw new InitializationException(
+                "Rate-limit resolver \"" + name + "\" is not registered. " +
+                "Call LimiterConfig.registerResolver(\"" + name + "\", req -> ...) before install.");
+        return r;
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/LimiterExtension.java

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.openapi.OpenApiContributor;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.openapi.OpenApiContributorRegistry;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.openapi.OpenApiOperationContribution;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.openapi.OpenApiResponseContribution;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.AnnotationProcessor;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.ExtensionPhase;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashContext;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashExtension;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashRegistrar;
+import dev.relism.flash.http.HttpStatus;
+import dev.relism.flash.routing.Middleware;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Rate-limiting extension for Flash.
+ *
+ * <p>At {@link #provide}:
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>Creates a single {@link BucketStore} shared by all rules in this extension instance.</li>
+ *   <li>Provides a {@link Guard} in the {@link FlashContext} for manual use on lambda routes.</li>
+ *   <li>Registers an {@link AnnotationProcessor} for {@link Limit}:
+ *       reads the annotation once per handler class at boot, resolves the key lambda
+ *       fail-fast, then returns a pre-compiled middleware — zero map lookups at request time.</li>
+ * </ol>
+ *
+ * <h3>Annotation-based (class handlers)</h3>
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * @Limit(requests = 100, window = 1)                          // 100 req/s per IP
+ * public class SearchHandler extends RequestHandler { ... }
+ *
+ * @Limit(key = "auth_user", requests = 20, window = 1,
+ *        windowUnit = TimeUnit.MINUTES,
+ *        strategy   = LimitStrategy.TOKEN_BUCKET)
+ * public class ReportHandler extends RequestHandler { ... }
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * <h3>Lambda routes (via Guard)</h3>
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * app.install(new LimiterExtension(
+ *     new LimiterConfig().registerResolver("auth_user", req -> ClaimsHolder.user().sub())));
+ *
+ * // inside FlashExtension.routes() or after install():
+ * Guard guard = ctx.require(Guard.class);
+ * app.get("/api/search", handler, guard.limit("ip", 50, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+public final class LimiterExtension implements FlashExtension {
+
+    private final LimiterConfig config;
+
+    /**
+     * Rate limiting runs before authentication — cheaper check rejects over-limit
+     * requests before any token validation occurs.
+     */
+    @Override public int priority() { return ExtensionPhase.EARLY.value; }
+
+    /** Installs with default config (only the built-in {@code "ip"} resolver). */
+    public LimiterExtension() {
+        this(new LimiterConfig());
+    }
+
+    /** Installs with a custom {@link LimiterConfig} (custom resolvers, etc.). */
+    public LimiterExtension(LimiterConfig config) {
+        this.config = config;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void provide(FlashContext ctx) {
+        BucketStore store = new BucketStore();
+        Guard       guard = new Guard(config, store);
+
+        ctx.provide(Guard.class,        guard);
+        ctx.provide(LimiterConfig.class, config);
+
+        // Annotation processor: runs once per class-based handler at boot.
+        ctx.addAnnotationProcessor(handlerClass -> {
+            Limit ann = handlerClass.getAnnotation(Limit.class);
+            if (ann == null) return List.of();
+
+            // Fail-fast: if the key is unknown the server refuses to start.
+            KeyResolver resolver = config.requireResolver(ann.key());
+            LimitConfig cfg      = new LimitConfig(
+                    ann.requests(),
+                    ann.windowUnit().toMillis(ann.window()),
+                    ann.strategy().create()
+            );
+
+            return List.of(buildMiddleware(resolver, cfg, store));
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void routes(FlashRegistrar<?> app, FlashContext ctx) {
+        try {
+            OpenApiIntegration.register(ctx);
+        } catch (NoClassDefFoundError ignored) {
+            // flash-ext-openapi not available — OpenAPI integration disabled
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── Package-private helper — shared with Guard ────────────────────────────
+
+    /**
+     * Builds the rate-limit {@link Middleware} from an already-resolved resolver lambda.
+     *
+     * <p>Hot-path design:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>{@code resolver} is captured directly in the closure — no registry lookup per request.</li>
+     *   <li>{@code resultBuf} is a per-{@link Middleware}-instance ThreadLocal {@code long[2]}.
+     *       Allocated once per thread, reused forever — zero per-request allocation.</li>
+     *   <li>The static {@code X-RateLimit-Limit} header is pre-encoded at boot — zero-alloc.</li>
+     * </ul>
+     */
+    static Middleware buildMiddleware(KeyResolver resolver, LimitConfig cfg, BucketStore store) {
+        ThreadLocal<long[]> resultBuf  = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> new long[2]);
+        byte[]              limitHeader = ("X-RateLimit-Limit: " + cfg.limit() + "\r\n")
+                .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+
+        return next -> (req, res) -> {
+            String key    = resolver.resolve(req);
+            Bucket bucket = store.get(key);
+            long[] out    = resultBuf.get();
+
+            boolean allowed = cfg.strategy().check(bucket, cfg, out);
+
+            res.header(limitHeader);
+            res.header("X-RateLimit-Remaining", String.valueOf(out[0]));
+            res.header("X-RateLimit-Reset",     String.valueOf(out[1]));
+
+            if (!allowed) {
+                long retryAfter = Math.max(1L, out[1] - System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000L);
+                res.status(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS)
+                   .header("Retry-After", String.valueOf(retryAfter));
+                return "Too Many Requests";
+            }
+
+            return next.handle(req, res);
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static final class OpenApiIntegration {
+        private static final Map<String, Object> INTEGER_SCHEMA = Map.of("type", "integer");
+        private static final Map<String, Object> LIMIT_HEADER = Map.of(
+                "description", "Maximum requests allowed in current window",
+                "schema", INTEGER_SCHEMA
+        );
+        private static final Map<String, Object> REMAINING_HEADER = Map.of(
+                "description", "Requests remaining in current window",
+                "schema", INTEGER_SCHEMA
+        );
+        private static final Map<String, Object> RESET_HEADER = Map.of(
+                "description", "Unix epoch seconds when quota resets or next token arrives",
+                "schema", INTEGER_SCHEMA
+        );
+        private static final Map<String, Object> RETRY_AFTER_HEADER = Map.of(
+                "description", "Seconds to wait before retrying",
+                "schema", INTEGER_SCHEMA
+        );
+
+        static void register(FlashContext ctx) {
+            ctx.find(OpenApiContributorRegistry.class)
+                    .ifPresent(registry -> registry.add(new OpenApiContributor() {
+                        @Override
+                        public OpenApiOperationContribution operationFor(Class<?> handlerClass) {
+                            if (handlerClass.getAnnotation(Limit.class) == null) {
+                                return OpenApiOperationContribution.builder().build();
+                            }
+
+                            OpenApiResponseContribution common =
+                                    OpenApiResponseContribution.builder()
+                                            .header("X-RateLimit-Limit", LIMIT_HEADER)
+                                            .header("X-RateLimit-Remaining", REMAINING_HEADER)
+                                            .header("X-RateLimit-Reset", RESET_HEADER)
+                                            .build();
+
+                            OpenApiResponseContribution tooManyRequests =
+                                    OpenApiResponseContribution.builder()
+                                            .description("Too Many Requests")
+                                            .header("X-RateLimit-Limit", LIMIT_HEADER)
+                                            .header("X-RateLimit-Remaining", REMAINING_HEADER)
+                                            .header("X-RateLimit-Reset", RESET_HEADER)
+                                            .header("Retry-After", RETRY_AFTER_HEADER)
+                                            .build();
+
+                            return OpenApiOperationContribution.builder()
+                                    .allResponses(common)
+                                    .response(429, tooManyRequests)
+                                    .build();
+                        }
+                    }));
+        }
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/RateLimitStrategy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.strategy.FixedWindowStrategy;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.strategy.SlidingWindowStrategy;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.strategy.TokenBucketStrategy;
+
+/**
+ * Contract for a rate-limit algorithm. Implementations must be:
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li><b>Lock-free</b> — rely only on {@link java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong} CAS operations.</li>
+ *   <li><b>Stateless</b> — all mutable state lives in the {@link Bucket}; the strategy itself
+ *       holds no instance fields so the same object can be shared across threads and rules.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>Called on every request — must not allocate on the hot path.
+ *
+ * @see FixedWindowStrategy
+ * @see SlidingWindowStrategy
+ * @see TokenBucketStrategy
+ */
+public interface RateLimitStrategy {
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether this request is within the limit and updates the bucket atomically.
+     *
+     * <p>On return, {@code out} contains:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>{@code out[0]} — remaining allowed requests in the current window (≥ 0).</li>
+     *   <li>{@code out[1]} — Unix epoch seconds at which the quota resets (for {@code X-RateLimit-Reset}
+     *       and {@code Retry-After} headers).</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param bucket  per-key state carrier (pre-allocated, never null)
+     * @param cfg     immutable rule configuration
+     * @param out     caller-supplied two-element array; values are overwritten on every call
+     * @return {@code true} if the request is within the limit and should proceed
+     */
+    boolean check(Bucket bucket, LimitConfig cfg, long[] out);
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/strategy/FixedWindowStrategy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.strategy;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.Bucket;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.LimitConfig;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.RateLimitStrategy;
+
+/**
+ * Fixed-window rate limit: allows up to {@link LimitConfig#limit()} requests per window of
+ * {@link LimitConfig#windowMs()} milliseconds. The window is aligned to clock time
+ * (e.g. 10:00:00 – 10:00:59 for a 60-second window), not sliding.
+ *
+ * <h3>Implementation</h3>
+ * The entire state fits in a single {@link java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong}
+ * ({@link Bucket#slot0}), packed as:
+ * <pre>
+ *   high 32 bits = reduced epoch  (currentTimeMs / windowMs) & 0xFFFFFFFFL
+ *   low  32 bits = request count in the current window
+ * </pre>
+ * Each request performs a single CAS loop — no locks, no allocations.
+ * At a window boundary the CAS atomically resets the counter to 1.
+ *
+ * <p>The reduced epoch wraps every {@code 2^32 × windowMs} milliseconds
+ * (~13,000 years for a 100 ms window) — collision-free in practice.
+ */
+public final class FixedWindowStrategy implements RateLimitStrategy {
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean check(Bucket bucket, LimitConfig cfg, long[] out) {
+        long now       = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        long absEpoch  = now / cfg.windowMs();
+        int  epoch     = (int)(absEpoch & 0xFFFFFFFFL);  // reduced epoch, collision-safe
+
+        while (true) {
+            long packed      = bucket.slot0.get();
+            int  storedEpoch = (int)(packed >>> 32);
+            int  count       = (int)(packed & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+
+            // Same window: increment; new window: reset to 1.
+            // Cap at limit+1 to guard against int overflow on extreme traffic.
+            int newCount = (storedEpoch == epoch)
+                    ? Math.min(count + 1, cfg.limit() + 1)
+                    : 1;
+
+            long newPacked = ((long) epoch << 32) | (newCount & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+
+            if (bucket.slot0.compareAndSet(packed, newPacked)) {
+                out[0] = Math.max(0L, cfg.limit() - newCount);
+                out[1] = (absEpoch + 1) * cfg.windowMs() / 1000L;
+                return newCount <= cfg.limit();
+            }
+            // CAS lost — contention; re-read and retry.
+        }
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/strategy/SlidingWindowStrategy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.strategy;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.Bucket;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.LimitConfig;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.RateLimitStrategy;
+
+/**
+ * Sliding-window counter rate limit: approximates a true sliding window by interpolating
+ * between the previous fixed window's count and the current window's count.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   estimate = prevCount × (1 − elapsed / windowMs) + currentCount
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>This is the same approximation used by Redis. It eliminates the boundary burst
+ * problem of {@link FixedWindowStrategy} while staying O(1) memory and lock-free.
+ * The error is bounded: in the worst case the true rate at the boundary can exceed
+ * the limit by at most {@code limit × (1 − elapsed/windowMs)} — typically a few percent.
+ *
+ * <h3>Slot layout</h3>
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>{@link Bucket#slot0} — packed {@code (reducedEpoch << 32 | currentCount)}</li>
+ *   <li>{@link Bucket#slot1} — count from the immediately preceding epoch (0 = none)</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>On a window transition the thread that wins the {@code slot0} CAS also writes
+ * {@code slot1}. A concurrent thread that reads {@code slot0} after the transition but
+ * before {@code slot1} is written sees a slightly stale previous count — acceptable for
+ * an approximation algorithm.
+ */
+public final class SlidingWindowStrategy implements RateLimitStrategy {
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean check(Bucket bucket, LimitConfig cfg, long[] out) {
+        long now      = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        long windowMs = cfg.windowMs();
+        long absEpoch = now / windowMs;
+        int  epoch    = (int)(absEpoch & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+        long elapsed  = now % windowMs;   // ms elapsed inside the current window
+
+        while (true) {
+            long packed      = bucket.slot0.get();
+            int  storedEpoch = (int)(packed >>> 32);
+            int  count       = (int)(packed & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+
+            if (storedEpoch == epoch) {
+                // ── Same window ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+                long prevCount = bucket.slot1.get();
+                // Integer interpolation — no floating-point on hot path.
+                long estimate  = (prevCount * (windowMs - elapsed)) / windowMs + count + 1;
+
+                if (estimate > cfg.limit()) {
+                    out[0] = 0L;
+                    out[1] = (absEpoch + 1) * windowMs / 1000L;
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                int  newCount  = Math.min(count + 1, cfg.limit() + 1);
+                long newPacked = ((long) epoch << 32) | (newCount & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+                if (!bucket.slot0.compareAndSet(packed, newPacked)) continue; // CAS lost, retry
+
+                out[0] = Math.max(0L, cfg.limit() - estimate);
+                out[1] = (absEpoch + 1) * windowMs / 1000L;
+                return true;
+
+            } else {
+                // ── Window transition ────────────────────────────────────────────
+                // If the stored epoch is exactly the one before ours, carry its count forward.
+                // If it's older (gap ≥ 2 windows), the previous window is effectively empty.
+                int  prevEpoch = (int)((absEpoch - 1) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+                long oldCount  = (storedEpoch == prevEpoch) ? count : 0L;
+
+                long newPacked = ((long) epoch << 32) | 1L;
+                if (!bucket.slot0.compareAndSet(packed, newPacked)) continue; // CAS lost, retry
+
+                // Won the transition: publish old count so the same-window branch can read it.
+                bucket.slot1.set(oldCount);
+
+                long estimate = (oldCount * (windowMs - elapsed)) / windowMs + 1;
+                out[0] = Math.max(0L, cfg.limit() - estimate);
+                out[1] = (absEpoch + 1) * windowMs / 1000L;
+                return estimate <= cfg.limit();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/strategy/TokenBucketStrategy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.strategy;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.Bucket;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.LimitConfig;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter.RateLimitStrategy;
+
+/**
+ * Token-bucket rate limit: tokens refill continuously at a rate of
+ * {@code limit / windowMs} tokens per millisecond, up to a maximum of {@code limit} tokens.
+ * Each request consumes one token. Burst traffic is absorbed until the bucket empties.
+ *
+ * <h3>Implementation</h3>
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>{@link Bucket#slot0} — current token count scaled by {@value #SCALE}
+ *       (allows sub-token precision without floating-point). Starts at 0; treated as
+ *       {@code maxScaled} when {@link Bucket#slot1} is 0 (first call → bucket starts full).</li>
+ *   <li>{@link Bucket#slot1} — last-refill timestamp in ms. 0 = not yet initialised.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>Each request CAS-loops on {@code slot0}; {@code slot1} is advanced monotonically via CAS
+ * after a successful token consumption — never regresses to an older timestamp under concurrent load.
+ */
+public final class TokenBucketStrategy implements RateLimitStrategy {
+
+    /** Fixed-point scale factor. Stored tokens = actual tokens × SCALE. */
+    static final long SCALE = 1_000L;
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean check(Bucket bucket, LimitConfig cfg, long[] out) {
+        long now       = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        long maxScaled = (long) cfg.limit() * SCALE;
+        // Refill rate: limit tokens per windowMs → (limit * SCALE) / windowMs scaled-tokens per ms.
+        // Minimum 1 to ensure progress even for very large windows.
+        long rfPerMs   = Math.max(1L, maxScaled / cfg.windowMs());
+
+        while (true) {
+            long lastMs    = bucket.slot1.get();
+            long rawTokens = bucket.slot0.get();
+
+            // When slot1 == 0 the bucket has never been used: treat as one full window elapsed
+            // so the bucket starts completely full.
+            long elapsed       = (lastMs == 0L) ? cfg.windowMs() : Math.max(0L, now - lastMs);
+            long currentTokens = Math.min(maxScaled, rawTokens + elapsed * rfPerMs);
+
+            if (currentTokens < SCALE) {
+                // Not enough for one token — compute when the next token arrives.
+                long needed   = SCALE - currentTokens;
+                long msToNext = (needed + rfPerMs - 1) / rfPerMs; // ceiling division
+                out[0] = 0L;
+                out[1] = (now + msToNext) / 1000L;
+                // Best-effort: advance the refill baseline so the next call gets a fresh elapsed.
+                bucket.slot0.compareAndSet(rawTokens, currentTokens);
+                bucket.slot1.compareAndSet(lastMs, now);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            long newTokens = currentTokens - SCALE;
+            if (bucket.slot0.compareAndSet(rawTokens, newTokens)) {
+                // Advance refill baseline: CAS ensures we never regress to an older timestamp.
+                if (lastMs < now) bucket.slot1.compareAndSet(lastMs, now);
+                out[0] = newTokens / SCALE;
+                out[1] = now / 1000L;
+                return true;
+            }
+            // CAS lost — another thread consumed a token concurrently; re-read and retry.
+        }
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-limiter/src/test/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/limiter/LimiterOpenApiInteropTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.limiter;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.openapi.OpenApiContributor;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.openapi.OpenApiContributorRegistry;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.openapi.OpenApiOperationContribution;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.openapi.OpenApiResponseContribution;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashContext;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Request;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.RequestHandler;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Response;
+import dev.relism.flash.routing.GET;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+class LimiterOpenApiInteropTest {
+
+    @GET("/limited")
+    @Limit(requests = 10, window = 1)
+    static class LimitedHandler extends RequestHandler {
+        @Override
+        public Object handle(Request request, Response response) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @GET("/plain")
+    static class PlainHandler extends RequestHandler {
+        @Override
+        public Object handle(Request request, Response response) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void registersContributor_whenOpenApiRegistryExists() {
+        FlashContext ctx = new FlashContext();
+        OpenApiContributorRegistry registry = new OpenApiContributorRegistry();
+        ctx.provide(OpenApiContributorRegistry.class, registry);
+
+        new LimiterExtension().routes(null, ctx);
+
+        assertEquals(1, registry.contributors().size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void limitedHandler_contributesHeadersAnd429() {
+        FlashContext ctx = new FlashContext();
+        OpenApiContributorRegistry registry = new OpenApiContributorRegistry();
+        ctx.provide(OpenApiContributorRegistry.class, registry);
+        new LimiterExtension().routes(null, ctx);
+
+        OpenApiContributor contributor = registry.contributors().getFirst();
+        OpenApiOperationContribution operation = contributor.operationFor(LimitedHandler.class);
+
+        OpenApiResponseContribution all = operation.allResponses();
+        assertNotNull(all);
+        assertTrue(all.headers().containsKey("X-RateLimit-Limit"));
+        assertTrue(all.headers().containsKey("X-RateLimit-Remaining"));
+        assertTrue(all.headers().containsKey("X-RateLimit-Reset"));
+
+        OpenApiResponseContribution tooMany = operation.responses().get(429);
+        assertNotNull(tooMany);
+        assertEquals("Too Many Requests", tooMany.description());
+        assertTrue(tooMany.headers().containsKey("Retry-After"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void plainHandler_hasNoContribution() {
+        FlashContext ctx = new FlashContext();
+        OpenApiContributorRegistry registry = new OpenApiContributorRegistry();
+        ctx.provide(OpenApiContributorRegistry.class, registry);
+        new LimiterExtension().routes(null, ctx);
+
+        OpenApiContributor contributor = registry.contributors().getFirst();
+        OpenApiOperationContribution operation = contributor.operationFor(PlainHandler.class);
+
+        assertTrue(operation.isEmpty());
+        assertFalse(operation.responses().containsKey(429));
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
+# flash-ext-oidc
+
+Full OIDC Authorization Code + PKCE flow for the Flash HTTP server.
+Supports Keycloak, Authelia, Auth0, Google, and any RFC 8414-compliant provider.
+
+Standards alignment focuses on OIDC Core + OAuth2 bearer APIs while preserving Flash's
+hot-path model (middleware compiled at mount time, no heavy runtime work).
+
+## What it provides
+
+| Component | Description |
+|---|---|
+| `GET  {prefix}/login` | Starts the OIDC flow: builds the authorization URL with PKCE + state, redirects |
+| `GET  {prefix}/callback` | Exchanges the code, validates the ID token, creates a session, redirects |
+| `POST {prefix}/logout` | Invalidates the session, redirects to the provider's `end_session_endpoint` |
+| `@Authenticated` | Annotation: protects a class-based handler (redirects browsers, 401 for API clients) |
+| `@RolesAllowed(...)` | Annotation: protects with role check (OR semantics) |
+| `@ScopesAllowed(...)` | Annotation: protects with scope check (`ALL` default, `ANY` optional) |
+| `OidcMiddleware` | Programmatic middleware for lambda routes |
+| `ClaimsHolder` / `OidcUser` | Thread-local user info accessible from any protected handler |
+| `JwtValidator` | JWKS-backed JWT validator (PKCE + key rotation + caching) |
+
+## Dependencies
+
+```xml
+<dependency>
+    <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+    <artifactId>flash-ext-oidc</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+</dependency>
+```
+
+Transitive: `nimbus-jose-jwt`, `json-smart`.
+Optional: `flash-ext-openapi` — if present, OIDC security schemes are added to the OpenAPI spec automatically.
+
+## Installation
+
+```java
+FlashApp.create(8080)
+    .install(new JacksonExtension())
+    .install(new OpenApiExtension(...))   // optional — enables Swagger security
+    .install(new OidcExtension(
+        OidcConfig.builder(
+                "https://idp.example.com",
+                "my-client", "my-secret", "/auth/callback")
+            .build()
+    ))
+    .start();
+```
+
+Install order is irrelevant. The two-phase extension model guarantees all services
+(including `OpenApiSecurityRegistry` from `flash-ext-openapi`) are registered before
+any extension's routes phase runs.
+
+### Keycloak shortcut
+
+```java
+OidcConfig.keycloak(
+        "https://keycloak.example.com",   // server URL (no realm)
+        "myrealm",                         // realm
+        "my-client", "my-secret",          // client credentials
+        "/auth/callback")                  // redirect URI (server-relative)
+    .https()                               // behind TLS
+    .build()
+```
+
+`keycloak()` pre-sets `rolesClaimPath("realm_access.roles")` and constructs the issuer as
+`{serverUrl}/realms/{realm}`.
+
+### Authelia / generic IdP
+
+```java
+OidcConfig.builder("https://auth.example.com", "my-client", "secret", "/auth/callback")
+    .rolesClaimPath("groups")
+    .build()
+```
+
+## OidcConfig reference
+
+### Required fields
+
+| Field | Description |
+|---|---|
+| `issuer` | Provider base URL — also used for OIDC discovery |
+| `clientId` | OAuth2 client ID |
+| `clientSecret` | OAuth2 client secret |
+| `redirectUri` | Callback URI; server-relative paths (starting with `/`) are resolved at request time |
+
+### Builder options
+
+| Method | Default | Description |
+|---|---|---|
+| `.scopes("openid profile email")` | `"openid profile email"` | Space-separated requested scopes |
+| `.routePrefix("/auth")` | `"/auth"` | Prefix for login/callback/logout routes |
+| `.selfScheme("http")` | `"http"` | Scheme used when resolving server-relative redirect URIs |
+| `.https()` | — | Shorthand for `.selfScheme("https")` |
+| `.rolesClaimPath("realm_access.roles")` | `"realm_access.roles"` | Dot-path to the roles array in JWT claims |
+| `.scopeClaimPaths("scope,scp")` | `"scope,scp"` | Comma-separated claim paths used to resolve OAuth scopes |
+| `.algorithm("RS256")` | `"RS256"` | JWS algorithm for token validation |
+| `.postLogoutRedirectUri("/")` | `"/"` | Where to redirect after logout |
+| `.sessionStore(store)` | `InMemoryOidcSessionStore` | Custom session store (see below) |
+| `.clientAuthMethod(ClientAuthMethod.POST)` | `POST` | `POST` = credentials in body; `BASIC` = `Authorization: Basic` |
+| `.insecureTls()` | `false` | Disables TLS certificate verification — **development only** |
+| `.schemeName("myscheme")` | derived from issuer | OpenAPI security scheme name |
+
+### Environment variables (`OidcConfig.fromEnv()`)
+
+```
+OIDC_ISSUER                required
+OIDC_CLIENT_ID             required
+OIDC_CLIENT_SECRET         required
+OIDC_REDIRECT_URI          required   e.g. /auth/callback
+OIDC_SCOPES                default: openid profile email
+OIDC_ROUTE_PREFIX          default: /auth
+OIDC_SELF_SCHEME           default: http
+OIDC_ROLES_CLAIM           default: realm_access.roles
+OIDC_SCOPE_CLAIMS          default: scope,scp
+OIDC_ALGORITHM             default: RS256
+OIDC_POST_LOGOUT_REDIRECT  default: /
+OIDC_CLIENT_AUTH_METHOD    default: POST
+```
+
+## Protecting routes
+
+### Class-based handlers (annotations)
+
+```java
+@Route(method = HttpMethod.GET, path = "/me")
+@Authenticated
+public class MePage extends JacksonHandler {
+    @Override
+    public Object handle(Request req, Response res) {
+        OidcUser u = ClaimsHolder.user();
+        return json(res, Map.of("sub", u.sub(), "email", u.email()));
+    }
+}
+
+@Route(method = HttpMethod.GET, path = "/admin")
+@RolesAllowed("admin")           // OR semantics: "admin" OR "superuser"
+// @RolesAllowed({"admin", "superuser"})
+public class AdminPage extends JacksonHandler { ... }
+
+@Route(method = HttpMethod.POST, path = "/orders")
+@ScopesAllowed("orders:write")   // default = ALL semantics
+public class CreateOrder extends JacksonHandler { ... }
+
+@Route(method = HttpMethod.POST, path = "/payments")
+@ScopesAllowed(value = {"payments:write", "payments:admin"}, match = ScopesAllowed.Match.ANY)
+public class PayOrder extends JacksonHandler { ... }
+
+@Route(method = HttpMethod.DELETE, path = "/admin/users/{id}")
+@RolesAllowed("admin")
+@ScopesAllowed("users:delete")   // combined with AND semantics
+public class DeleteUser extends JacksonHandler { ... }
+```
+
+The middleware is injected automatically by the annotation processor — no manual wiring needed.
+
+Annotation composition rules:
+
+- `@Authenticated` requires auth only
+- `@RolesAllowed` implies authentication + role OR-check
+- `@ScopesAllowed` implies authentication + scope check (`ALL`/`ANY`)
+- combining `@RolesAllowed` + `@ScopesAllowed` uses AND semantics
+- `@Authenticated(optional = true)` cannot be combined with role/scope constraints
+
+### Lambda routes (manual middleware)
+
+For lambda routes, pass the middleware as a varargs argument. Retrieve `OidcMiddleware`
+from the context inside another extension's `routes()` phase, or after `start()`:
+
+```java
+OidcMiddleware oidc = app.ctx().require(OidcMiddleware.class);
+
+// Authentication only
+app.get("/api/me", (req, res) -> {
+    OidcUser u = ClaimsHolder.user();   // never null here
+    return Map.of("sub", u.sub(), "email", u.email());
+}, oidc.protect());
+
+// Authentication + role check
+app.delete("/api/admin/users/{id}", (req, res) -> {
+    OidcUser u = ClaimsHolder.user();
+    // ...
+}, oidc.requireRole("admin"));
+
+// Multiple roles (OR): passes if user holds any one of them
+app.get("/api/reports", (req, res) -> { ... }, oidc.requireRole("admin", "reports-viewer"));
+
+// Require all listed scopes
+app.post("/api/orders", (req, res) -> { ... }, oidc.requireScopes("orders:write", "payments:write"));
+
+// Require at least one listed scope
+app.post("/api/payments", (req, res) -> { ... }, oidc.requireAnyScope("payments:write", "payments:admin"));
+```
+
+`oidc.protect()` / `oidc.requireRole(...)` / `oidc.requireScopes(...)` return a `Middleware` — a composable
+`Handler → Handler` wrapper. Flash applies middleware right-to-left so the OIDC check
+runs before your handler.
+
+## Accessing the authenticated user
+
+`ClaimsHolder` holds the JWT claims for the current request in a `ThreadLocal`.
+It is populated by the OIDC middleware before your handler runs and cleared in the
+`finally` block afterward. It is safe with virtual threads (each request gets its
+own virtual thread, so `ThreadLocal` values are naturally isolated).
+
+### OidcUser (preferred)
+
+```java
+OidcUser u = ClaimsHolder.user();   // never null inside a protected handler
+
+String sub      = u.sub();          // unique user ID
+String email    = u.email();
+String username = u.username();     // preferred_username
+String name     = u.name();         // full display name
+
+// Roles — pass the dot-path matching your provider's claim structure
+List<String> roles = u.roles("realm_access.roles");   // Keycloak realm roles
+List<String> clientRoles = u.roles("resource_access.my-client.roles"); // Keycloak client roles
+List<String> groups = u.roles("groups");              // Authelia
+
+boolean isAdmin = u.hasRole("realm_access.roles", "admin");
+
+// Scopes (OIDC/OAuth2 generic): checks "scope" then "scp"
+List<String> scopes = u.scopes();
+boolean canWrite = u.hasScope("orders:write");
+
+// Custom claim path resolution (for provider-specific payloads)
+List<String> customScopes = u.scopes("scope,scp,permissions.scopes");
+boolean canApprove = u.hasScope("permissions.scopes", "orders:approve");
+
+// Arbitrary claim
+String locale = (String) u.claim("locale");
+Long   exp    = u.claim("exp", Long.class);
+
+// Full raw map (escape hatch)
+Map<String, Object> all = u.claims();
+```
+
+### Raw access (escape hatch)
+
+```java
+Map<String, Object> claims = ClaimsHolder.get();
+String email = ClaimsHolder.claim("email");
+```
+
+## Performance
+
+The middleware adds negligible overhead on the hot path for authenticated requests:
+
+| Step | Cost |
+|---|---|
+| `Authorization` header check | `O(1)` map lookup |
+| Cookie parse | `O(cookie_length)` single pass scan |
+| Session lookup | `O(1)` `ConcurrentHashMap.get()` |
+| Token expiry check | `O(1)` `Instant` comparison |
+| `ClaimsHolder.set()` | `O(1)` `ThreadLocal.set()` |
+
+No network calls, no cryptography, no JSON parsing on the happy path (valid session).
+JWKS key fetching only happens for Bearer token validation and is cached + rate-limited by
+Nimbus's `JWKSourceBuilder`. Silent token refresh only triggers when the access token expires.
+
+Role/scope claim paths are compiled once during middleware construction (mount time), not per request.
+
+## Authentication flow details
+
+On each request the middleware resolves credentials in this order:
+
+1. **Bearer token** (`Authorization: Bearer <jwt>`) — validated against JWKS.
+2. **Session cookie** (`oidc_session`) — looked up in the session store; transparently
+   refreshed if the access token is expired (silent refresh via refresh token).
+3. **No valid credentials**:
+   - Browser clients (no `Accept: application/json`) → redirect to `{prefix}/login?redirect={path}`
+   - API clients → `401 Unauthorized`
+
+### API error semantics (RFC 6750)
+
+For API clients (`Accept: application/json`) the middleware includes `WWW-Authenticate`:
+
+- missing credentials: `Bearer realm="<schemeName>"`
+- invalid bearer token: `Bearer realm="<schemeName>", error="invalid_token"`
+- insufficient scopes: `Bearer realm="<schemeName>", error="insufficient_scope", scope="<required scopes>"`
+
+This enables interoperable client-side handling and proper OAuth2 challenge semantics.
+
+### Token validation (OIDC Core §3.1.3.7)
+
+| Check | Access token | ID token |
+|---|---|---|
+| Signature (JWKS) | yes | yes |
+| `iss` | yes | yes |
+| `aud` = clientId | no (varies by provider) | yes |
+| `exp`, `iat`, `sub` | yes | yes |
+| `nonce` | — | yes |
+
+JWKS keys are cached, rate-limited, and retried on cache-miss (handles key rotation).
+
+### Claim merge strategy
+
+At callback time the extension merges access token + ID token claims:
+
+- Access token claims first (contains provider-specific data like `realm_access.roles`)
+- ID token claims override (contains verified identity: `sub`, `email`, `name`, …)
+
+This is provider-agnostic: authorization claims live in the AT per RFC 9068,
+identity claims live in the IT per OIDC Core.
+
+## Standards & compliance notes
+
+This extension is designed to be compliant with the most relevant OIDC/OAuth2 RFCs:
+
+- RFC 8414 (Authorization Server Metadata): discovery via `/.well-known/openid-configuration`
+- OpenID Connect Core 1.0: Authorization Code flow + PKCE + `nonce` validation on ID token
+- RFC 7636 (PKCE): S256 challenge/verifier flow
+- RFC 6750 (Bearer Token Usage): `WWW-Authenticate` challenges with standard error codes
+- RFC 9068 (JWT Profile for Access Tokens): JWT bearer access-token validation path
+- RFC 7519 / RFC 7517 / RFC 7515 family: JWT/JWK/JWS validation via Nimbus + JWKS caching/rotation
+
+Provider interoperability details:
+
+- scope extraction supports both standard forms: `scope` (space-delimited string) and `scp` (list/string)
+- roles remain configurable via `rolesClaimPath` (`realm_access.roles`, `groups`, etc.)
+- scope claim fallback chain is configurable via `scopeClaimPaths`
+
+## Testing scopes with Keycloak
+
+Quick path to test `@ScopesAllowed` end-to-end:
+
+1. **Create a client scope**
+   - Realm -> Client scopes -> Create
+   - Name: `orders:write` (or any scope name you want to enforce)
+2. **Attach it to your client**
+   - Clients -> `<your-client>` -> Client scopes
+   - Add the scope as `Default` (always in token) or `Optional` (requested via `scope` param)
+3. **Ensure scope mapper reaches the token**
+   - For most Keycloak setups this is automatic via built-in `microprofile-jwt`/scope mappers
+   - Verify the access token contains either `scope` string or `scp` list
+4. **Request the scope in Flash config**
+   - Include it in `OidcConfig.scopes(...)`, e.g. `"openid profile email orders:write"`
+5. **Protect a handler**
+   - `@ScopesAllowed("orders:write")` on class-based handlers
+   - or `oidc.requireScopes("orders:write")` for lambda routes
+6. **Verify behavior**
+   - token with scope -> 200
+   - token without scope -> 403 + `WWW-Authenticate: ... insufficient_scope`
+
+Useful token inspection flow while testing:
+
+- Obtain a token from Keycloak
+- Decode payload (`jwt.io` or local tool)
+- check `scope` / `scp` claims
+- call your protected endpoint and inspect status + `WWW-Authenticate`
+
+## Session store
+
+The default `InMemoryOidcSessionStore` is sufficient for single-instance deployments.
+For clustered deployments, implement `OidcSessionStore`:
+
+```java
+public interface OidcSessionStore {
+    void              save(OidcSession session);
+    Optional<OidcSession> find(String sessionId);
+    void              delete(String sessionId);
+}
+```
+
+```java
+OidcConfig.builder(...)
+    .sessionStore(new RedisOidcSessionStore(redisClient))
+    .build()
+```
+
+`OidcSession` fields: `id`, `accessToken`, `idToken`, `refreshToken`, `expiresAt` (`Instant`), `claims` (merged map).
+
+## Logout
+
+Add a logout button anywhere in your UI — a `<form>` is sufficient (no JavaScript needed):
+
+```html
+<form method="POST" action="/auth/logout">
+    <button type="submit">Logout</button>
+</form>
+```
+
+The `POST {prefix}/logout` handler:
+1. Reads the `oidc_session` cookie, looks up the session, retrieves the `id_token`.
+2. Deletes the local session and clears the cookie (`Max-Age=0`).
+3. If the provider has an `end_session_endpoint` (standard IdPs do), redirects there with
+   `?id_token_hint=<idToken>&post_logout_redirect_uri=<postLogoutRedirectUri>` — this logs
+   the user out of the IdP as well.
+4. Otherwise redirects to `postLogoutRedirectUri` (default: `/`).
+
+## Bearer token (API clients)
+
+For API-to-API or SPA-to-API calls, pass a Bearer access token directly. The middleware
+validates the JWT signature against JWKS and extracts the claims — no session involved:
+
+```
+Authorization: Bearer <access_token>
+```
+
+The token must be a JWT (opaque tokens are not supported). Claims are available via
+`ClaimsHolder.user()` as usual.
+
+## Multi-tenant
+
+Multiple OIDC providers on one server — each `OidcExtension` instance is fully independent
+(its own PKCE state store, session store, validator, and middleware):
+
+```java
+OidcConfig tenantA = OidcConfig.builder("https://idp/realms/a", "clientA", "secretA", "/a/auth/callback")
+    .routePrefix("/a/auth").schemeName("tenantA").build();
+
+OidcConfig tenantB = OidcConfig.builder("https://idp/realms/b", "clientB", "secretB", "/b/auth/callback")
+    .routePrefix("/b/auth").schemeName("tenantB").build();
+
+app.install(new OidcExtension(tenantA))
+   .install(new OidcExtension(tenantB));
+```
+
+To reference a specific tenant's middleware on lambda routes, keep the extension instances
+and retrieve `OidcMiddleware` from context after `start()`:
+
+```java
+OidcExtension extA = new OidcExtension(tenantA);
+OidcExtension extB = new OidcExtension(tenantB);
+
+FlashApp app = FlashApp.create(8080)
+    .install(extA)
+    .install(extB)
+    .start()
+    .join();    // wait for bind
+
+OidcMiddleware mwA = app.ctx().require(OidcMiddleware.class);  // last registered = tenantB
+```
+
+> **Note:** because both extensions register `OidcMiddleware.class` in the same context,
+> only the last one wins under that key. For multi-tenant setups, use distinct context
+> keys or provide middleware under a wrapper/alias type, or use lambda routes with explicit
+> middleware captured from the extension instance before `install()`.
+
+Class-based handlers annotated with `@Authenticated` / `@RolesAllowed` get the last
+registered processor's middleware. For true multi-tenant class-based routing, install
+tenant-specific annotation processors with different annotations.
+
+## OpenAPI integration
+
+If `flash-ext-openapi` is on the classpath and installed (order irrelevant),
+the extension automatically:
+
+- Adds a `components.securitySchemes` entry for the provider (OAuth2, authorizationCode flow)
+- Adds `security` requirements to every operation whose handler carries `@Authenticated`
+  , `@RolesAllowed`, or `@ScopesAllowed`
+
+No extra code needed. To customize the scheme name:
+
+```java
+OidcConfig.builder(...).schemeName("keycloak").build()
+```
+
+If `flash-ext-openapi` is absent the integration is silently skipped.

flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+        <artifactId>flash-extensions</artifactId>
+        <version>2.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <artifactId>flash-ext-oidc</artifactId>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+            <artifactId>flash</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>dev.relism</groupId>
+            <artifactId>flash-ext-openapi</artifactId>
+            <optional>true</optional>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.nimbusds</groupId>
+            <artifactId>nimbus-jose-jwt</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>net.minidev</groupId>
+            <artifactId>json-smart</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
+            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+</project>

flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/oidc/Authenticated.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.oidc;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+/**
+ * Marks a handler as requiring a valid JWT. Any bearer token that passes
+ * signature + expiry + issuer validation is accepted — no role check is performed.
+ *
+ * <p>For role-based access use {@link RolesAllowed} instead (it implies authentication).
+ *
+ * <p>Set {@code optional = true} on public routes that personalise their response when
+ * the user happens to be logged in but should remain accessible to guests. The middleware
+ * will populate {@link ClaimsHolder} if credentials are present and silently skip it
+ * otherwise — the request is never rejected.
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * // Hard auth — redirects / 401 when unauthenticated:
+ * @Route(method = HttpMethod.GET, path = "/api/profile")
+ * @Authenticated
+ * public class GetProfile extends JacksonHandler { ... }
+ *
+ * // Soft auth — guest-friendly, ClaimsHolder populated only when logged in:
+ * @Route(method = HttpMethod.GET, path = "/")
+ * @Authenticated(optional = true)
+ * public class HomePage extends HtmlHandler { ... }
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
+public @interface Authenticated {
+    /**
+     * When {@code true} the middleware never rejects unauthenticated requests — it only
+     * populates {@link ClaimsHolder} when valid credentials are present.
+     * Defaults to {@code false} (hard authentication required).
+     */
+    boolean optional() default false;
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/oidc/ClaimsHolder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.oidc;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Thread-local store for JWT claims, populated by the OIDC middleware before
+ * the handler runs and cleared in the {@code finally} block afterward.
+ *
+ * <p>Safe with virtual threads: each request gets its own virtual thread, so
+ * {@link ThreadLocal} values are naturally isolated per request.
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * // Inside any handler protected by @Authenticated or @RolesAllowed:
+ *
+ * // Preferred — typed wrapper:
+ * OidcUser user = ClaimsHolder.user();
+ * String email  = user.email();
+ * List<String> roles = user.roles("realm_access.roles");
+ *
+ * // Raw escape hatch:
+ * Map<String, Object> all = ClaimsHolder.get();
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+public final class ClaimsHolder {
+
+    private static final ThreadLocal<Map<String, Object>> HOLDER = new ThreadLocal<>();
+
+    private ClaimsHolder() {}
+
+    /** Called by the OIDC middleware after successful token validation. */
+    static void set(Map<String, Object> claims) {
+        HOLDER.set(claims);
+    }
+
+    /** Called by the OIDC middleware in the {@code finally} block. */
+    static void clear() {
+        HOLDER.remove();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a type-safe {@link OidcUser} view of the current request's claims,
+     * or {@code null} if the route is not protected by OIDC middleware.
+     *
+     * <p>This is the preferred entry point for both lambda and class-based handlers.
+     */
+    public static OidcUser user() {
+        Map<String, Object> claims = HOLDER.get();
+        return claims != null ? new OidcUser(claims) : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the raw claims map for the current request, or {@code null} if
+     * the route is not protected by OIDC middleware.
+     *
+     * @see #user() for the preferred type-safe accessor
+     */
+    public static Map<String, Object> get() {
+        return HOLDER.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the value of a single claim as a String, or {@code null} if
+     * the claim is absent or the request is not authenticated.
+     */
+    public static String claim(String key) {
+        Map<String, Object> claims = HOLDER.get();
+        if (claims == null) return null;
+        Object v = claims.get(key);
+        return v != null ? v.toString() : null;
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/oidc/ClientAuthMethod.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.oidc;
+
+/**
+ * OAuth2 client authentication method for the token endpoint (RFC 6749 §2.3).
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>{@link #POST} — credentials sent as {@code client_id} / {@code client_secret}
+ *       form fields (default; most providers).</li>
+ *   <li>{@link #BASIC} — credentials sent as an {@code Authorization: Basic} header;
+ *       body contains only grant-specific parameters.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ */
+public enum ClientAuthMethod {
+    /** {@code client_secret_post} — credentials in the request body. */
+    POST,
+    /** {@code client_secret_basic} — credentials in the {@code Authorization} header. */
+    BASIC
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/oidc/DiscoveryClient.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.oidc;
+
+import net.minidev.json.JSONValue;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.http.HttpClient;
+import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
+import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Fetches and parses the OIDC provider discovery document at
+ * {@code {issuer}/.well-known/openid-configuration}.
+ */
+final class DiscoveryClient {
+
+    private DiscoveryClient() {}
+
+    static OidcProviderMetadata fetch(String issuer, HttpClient http) throws Exception {
+        String url = issuer.endsWith("/")
+                ? issuer + ".well-known/openid-configuration"
+                : issuer + "/.well-known/openid-configuration";
+
+        HttpResponse<String> resp = http.send(
+                HttpRequest.newBuilder().uri(URI.create(url)).GET().build(),
+                HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
+
+        if (resp.statusCode() != 200)
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "OIDC discovery failed [" + resp.statusCode() + "]: " + url);
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        Map<String, Object> doc = (Map<String, Object>) JSONValue.parse(resp.body());
+
+        return new OidcProviderMetadata(
+                require(doc, "authorization_endpoint"),
+                require(doc, "token_endpoint"),
+                (String) doc.get("userinfo_endpoint"),      // optional
+                require(doc, "jwks_uri"),
+                (String) doc.get("end_session_endpoint")    // optional
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static String require(Map<String, Object> doc, String key) {
+        Object v = doc.get(key);
+        if (v == null) throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "Discovery doc missing required field: " + key);
+        return v.toString();
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/oidc/InMemoryOidcSessionStore.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.oidc;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+/**
+ * Thread-safe in-memory {@link OidcSessionStore}.
+ *
+ * <p>Sessions are lost on restart and not shared across instances. For
+ * production deployments with multiple nodes or restart-persistence requirements,
+ * supply a custom implementation via {@link OidcConfig.Builder#sessionStore}.
+ */
+public final class InMemoryOidcSessionStore implements OidcSessionStore {
+
+    private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, OidcSession> store = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    @Override public void             save(OidcSession s)  { store.put(s.id(), s); }
+    @Override public Optional<OidcSession> find(String id) { return Optional.ofNullable(store.get(id)); }
+    @Override public void             delete(String id)    { store.remove(id); }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/oidc/JwtUtils.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.oidc;
+
+import net.minidev.json.JSONValue;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.Base64;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Low-level JWT payload extraction — no signature or expiry validation.
+ *
+ * <p>Use only for tokens received directly from the provider over a trusted TLS
+ * connection (e.g. {@code id_token} from the token endpoint). Bearer tokens on
+ * incoming requests must go through {@link JwtValidator#validate(String)} instead.
+ */
+final class JwtUtils {
+
+    private JwtUtils() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Base64URL-decodes the JWT payload and returns the claims as a map.
+     * Signature, expiry, and issuer are NOT checked.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    static Map<String, Object> parseClaims(String jwt) {
+        String[] parts = jwt.split("\\.");
+        if (parts.length < 2) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed JWT: " + jwt);
+        // Pad to a multiple of 4 for the standard decoder
+        String padded = parts[1];
+        switch (padded.length() % 4) {
+            case 2 -> padded += "==";
+            case 3 -> padded += "=";
+        }
+        byte[] payload = Base64.getUrlDecoder().decode(padded);
+        return (Map<String, Object>) JSONValue.parse(
+                new String(payload, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/oidc/JwtValidator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.oidc;
+
+import com.nimbusds.jose.JWSAlgorithm;
+import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.source.JWKSource;
+import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.source.JWKSourceBuilder;
+import com.nimbusds.jose.proc.JWSKeySelector;
+import com.nimbusds.jose.proc.JWSVerificationKeySelector;
+import com.nimbusds.jose.proc.SecurityContext;
+import com.nimbusds.jose.util.Resource;
+import com.nimbusds.jose.util.ResourceRetriever;
+import com.nimbusds.jwt.JWTClaimsSet;
+import com.nimbusds.jwt.proc.ConfigurableJWTProcessor;
+import com.nimbusds.jwt.proc.DefaultJWTClaimsVerifier;
+import com.nimbusds.jwt.proc.DefaultJWTProcessor;
+import dev.relism.flash.exceptions.HttpException;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.http.HttpClient;
+import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
+import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Validates JWTs against a remote JWKS endpoint using Nimbus JOSE+JWT.
+ *
+ * <p>Two validation modes:
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>{@link #validate(String)} — access token bearer validation per request (hot path).
+ *       Checks signature, {@code iss}, {@code exp}, {@code iat}, {@code sub}.
+ *       Throws {@link HttpException} 401 so the middleware can short-circuit.</li>
+ *   <li>{@link #validateIdToken(String, String)} — ID token validation at callback time.
+ *       Checks signature, {@code iss}, {@code aud} == clientId, {@code exp}, {@code iat},
+ *       {@code sub}, and {@code nonce} (if provided).
+ *       Throws {@link OidcValidationException} (not 401 — it is a provider/protocol error).</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>JWKS handling: the shared {@link JWKSource} uses caching + rate-limiting + automatic
+ * retry-on-key-miss (key rotation). Both processors share the same source — one JWKS
+ * fetch serves both token types.
+ */
+public class JwtValidator {
+
+    private final JWKSource<SecurityContext>                 jwkSource;
+    private final ConfigurableJWTProcessor<SecurityContext>  accessTokenProcessor;
+    private final ConfigurableJWTProcessor<SecurityContext>  idTokenProcessor;
+    private final String                                     algorithm;
+
+    /**
+     * @param jwksUri   JWKS endpoint URI
+     * @param issuer    Expected {@code iss} claim
+     * @param clientId  OAuth2 client ID — used as expected {@code aud} in ID tokens
+     * @param algorithm JWS algorithm (e.g. {@code "RS256"})
+     * @param http      Shared {@link HttpClient} used for all JWKS fetches — already configured
+     *                  with the correct TLS policy (trust-all or default trust store).
+     */
+    public JwtValidator(String jwksUri, String issuer, String clientId,
+                        String algorithm, HttpClient http) {
+        try {
+            // Use the caller-supplied HttpClient for JWKS retrieval so that TLS policy
+            // (insecureTls / custom trust store) is applied consistently everywhere.
+            this.jwkSource = JWKSourceBuilder
+                    .create(new URL(jwksUri), httpRetriever(http))
+                    .cache(true)
+                    .rateLimited(true)
+                    .retrying(true)
+                    .build();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to init JWKS source: " + jwksUri, e);
+        }
+        this.algorithm            = algorithm;
+        this.accessTokenProcessor = buildAccessTokenProcessor(jwkSource, issuer, algorithm);
+        this.idTokenProcessor     = buildIdTokenProcessor(jwkSource, issuer, clientId, algorithm);
+    }
+
+    // -- Public API -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Validates a JWT access token (bearer on incoming request).
+     * Returns claims on success; throws {@link HttpException} 401 on any failure.
+     */
+    public Map<String, Object> validate(String token) {
+        if (!isJwt(token)) throw HttpException.unauthorized();   // opaque token — can't validate
+        try {
+            return accessTokenProcessor.process(token, null).getClaims();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw HttpException.unauthorized();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validates an ID token received directly from the token endpoint.
+     *
+     * <p>Checks: signature (JWKS), {@code iss}, {@code aud} == clientId,
+     * {@code exp}, {@code iat}, {@code sub}, and {@code nonce} if provided.
+     *
+     * @param idToken  Raw ID token string
+     * @param nonce    Nonce sent in the authorization request; {@code null} to skip check
+     * @throws OidcValidationException on any validation failure
+     */
+    public Map<String, Object> validateIdToken(String idToken, String nonce) {
+        try {
+            Map<String, Object> claims = idTokenProcessor.process(idToken, null).getClaims();
+            if (nonce != null && !nonce.equals(claims.get("nonce")))
+                throw new OidcValidationException("ID token nonce mismatch", null);
+            return claims;
+        } catch (OidcValidationException e) {
+            throw e;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new OidcValidationException("ID token validation failed: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if {@code token} is a signed JWT (three dot-separated Base64URL parts).
+     * Used to detect opaque access tokens before attempting JWKS validation.
+     */
+    public static boolean isJwt(String token) {
+        if (token == null || token.isBlank()) return false;
+        int dots = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < token.length(); i++) if (token.charAt(i) == '.') dots++;
+        return dots == 2;
+    }
+
+    // -- Processors -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+    private static ConfigurableJWTProcessor<SecurityContext> buildAccessTokenProcessor(
+            JWKSource<SecurityContext> src, String issuer, String algorithm) {
+
+        ConfigurableJWTProcessor<SecurityContext> p = new DefaultJWTProcessor<>();
+        p.setJWSKeySelector(keySelector(src, algorithm));
+        // iss required; aud not enforced on ATs (varies by provider)
+        if (issuer != null && !issuer.isBlank()) {
+            p.setJWTClaimsSetVerifier(new DefaultJWTClaimsVerifier<>(
+                    new JWTClaimsSet.Builder().issuer(issuer).build(),
+                    Set.of("sub", "iat", "exp")));
+        }
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    private static ConfigurableJWTProcessor<SecurityContext> buildIdTokenProcessor(
+            JWKSource<SecurityContext> src, String issuer, String clientId, String algorithm) {
+
+        ConfigurableJWTProcessor<SecurityContext> p = new DefaultJWTProcessor<>();
+        p.setJWSKeySelector(keySelector(src, algorithm));
+        // iss + aud = clientId strictly required (OIDC Core §3.1.3.7)
+        JWTClaimsSet.Builder required = new JWTClaimsSet.Builder();
+        if (issuer   != null) required.issuer(issuer);
+        if (clientId != null) required.audience(clientId);
+        p.setJWTClaimsSetVerifier(new DefaultJWTClaimsVerifier<>(
+                required.build(), Set.of("sub", "iat", "exp")));
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    private static JWSKeySelector<SecurityContext> keySelector(
+            JWKSource<SecurityContext> src, String algorithm) {
+        return new JWSVerificationKeySelector<>(JWSAlgorithm.parse(algorithm), src);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wraps a {@link HttpClient} as a Nimbus {@link ResourceRetriever}.
+     * The client already carries the correct TLS policy (trust-all or default),
+     * so JWKS fetches honour the same SSL configuration as discovery and token requests.
+     */
+    private static ResourceRetriever httpRetriever(HttpClient http) {
+        return url -> {
+            try {
+                HttpResponse<String> resp = http.send(
+                        HttpRequest.newBuilder().uri(url.toURI()).GET().build(),
+                        HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
+                if (resp.statusCode() != 200)
+                    throw new IOException("JWKS fetch failed [" + resp.statusCode() + "]: " + url);
+                String contentType = resp.headers()
+                        .firstValue("Content-Type").orElse("application/json");
+                return new Resource(resp.body(), contentType);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw e;
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new IOException("JWKS retrieval error: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/oidc/OidcAuthPolicy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.oidc;
+
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Compiled authorization policy derived from handler annotations at mount time.
+ * Immutable and allocation-free on the request hot path.
+ */
+final class OidcAuthPolicy {
+
+    private static final String[] EMPTY = new String[0];
+
+    private static final OidcAuthPolicy AUTH_REQUIRED = new OidcAuthPolicy(
+            false, EMPTY, EMPTY, ScopesAllowed.Match.ALL);
+    private static final OidcAuthPolicy AUTH_OPTIONAL = new OidcAuthPolicy(
+            true, EMPTY, EMPTY, ScopesAllowed.Match.ALL);
+
+    private final boolean optionalAuth;
+    private final String[] requiredRoles;
+    private final String[] requiredScopes;
+    private final ScopesAllowed.Match scopeMatch;
+
+    private OidcAuthPolicy(boolean optionalAuth,
+                           String[] requiredRoles,
+                           String[] requiredScopes,
+                           ScopesAllowed.Match scopeMatch) {
+        this.optionalAuth   = optionalAuth;
+        this.requiredRoles  = requiredRoles;
+        this.requiredScopes = requiredScopes;
+        this.scopeMatch     = scopeMatch;
+    }
+
+    static OidcAuthPolicy authenticated() { return AUTH_REQUIRED; }
+
+    static OidcAuthPolicy optional() { return AUTH_OPTIONAL; }
+
+    static OidcAuthPolicy rolesAny(String... roles) {
+        return new OidcAuthPolicy(false, normalizeRequired("RolesAllowed", roles), EMPTY, ScopesAllowed.Match.ALL);
+    }
+
+    static OidcAuthPolicy scopes(String[] scopes, ScopesAllowed.Match match) {
+        return new OidcAuthPolicy(false, EMPTY, normalizeRequired("ScopesAllowed", scopes), match);
+    }
+
+    static OidcAuthPolicy compileFromAnnotations(Class<?> handlerClass) {
+        Authenticated auth = handlerClass.getAnnotation(Authenticated.class);
+        RolesAllowed roles = handlerClass.getAnnotation(RolesAllowed.class);
+        ScopesAllowed scopes = handlerClass.getAnnotation(ScopesAllowed.class);
+
+        if (auth == null && roles == null && scopes == null) return null;
+
+        boolean optionalAuth = auth != null && auth.optional();
+        String[] requiredRoles = roles != null ? normalizeRequired("RolesAllowed", roles.value()) : EMPTY;
+        String[] requiredScopes = scopes != null ? normalizeRequired("ScopesAllowed", scopes.value()) : EMPTY;
+        ScopesAllowed.Match scopeMatch = scopes != null ? scopes.match() : ScopesAllowed.Match.ALL;
+
+        if (optionalAuth && (requiredRoles.length > 0 || requiredScopes.length > 0)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("@Authenticated(optional = true) cannot be combined with @RolesAllowed/@ScopesAllowed on "
+                    + handlerClass.getName());
+        }
+
+        return new OidcAuthPolicy(optionalAuth, requiredRoles, requiredScopes, scopeMatch);
+    }
+
+    static List<String> openApiScopesFor(Class<?> handlerClass) {
+        Authenticated auth = handlerClass.getAnnotation(Authenticated.class);
+        RolesAllowed roles = handlerClass.getAnnotation(RolesAllowed.class);
+        ScopesAllowed scopes = handlerClass.getAnnotation(ScopesAllowed.class);
+        if (auth == null && roles == null && scopes == null) return null;
+        if (scopes == null) return List.of();
+        return List.of(normalizeRequired("ScopesAllowed", scopes.value()));
+    }
+
+    boolean optionalAuth() { return optionalAuth; }
+
+    String[] requiredRoles() { return requiredRoles; }
+
+    String[] requiredScopes() { return requiredScopes; }
+
+    ScopesAllowed.Match scopeMatch() { return scopeMatch; }
+
+    private static String[] normalizeRequired(String annotation, String[] values) {
+        if (values == null || values.length == 0)
+            throw new IllegalStateException("@" + annotation + " requires at least one value");
+
+        LinkedHashSet<String> normalized = new LinkedHashSet<>(values.length);
+        for (String raw : values) {
+            if (raw == null) continue;
+            String trimmed = raw.trim();
+            if (!trimmed.isEmpty()) normalized.add(trimmed);
+        }
+        if (normalized.isEmpty())
+            throw new IllegalStateException("@" + annotation + " requires at least one non-empty value");
+
+        return normalized.toArray(String[]::new);
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/oidc/OidcConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.oidc;
+
+/**
+ * Full OIDC client configuration. Build via
+ * {@link #builder(String, String, String, String)} or {@link #fromEnv()}.
+ *
+ * <p>Required fields: {@code issuer}, {@code clientId}, {@code clientSecret},
+ * {@code redirectUri}. Everything else has a sensible default.
+ *
+ * <p>If {@code redirectUri} starts with {@code /} it is treated as server-relative:
+ * the absolute URL is resolved at request time using {@link #selfScheme()} and the
+ * incoming {@code Host} header. Use {@link Builder#https()} when behind TLS.
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * // Keycloak
+ * OidcConfig.builder(
+ *         "https://keycloak.example.com/realms/myrealm",
+ *         "my-app", "secret", "/auth/callback")
+ *     .rolesClaimPath("realm_access.roles")   // Keycloak default
+ *     .scopeClaimPaths("scope,scp")           // default; supports many IdPs
+ *     .build();
+ *
+ * // Authelia
+ * OidcConfig.builder(
+ *         "https://auth.example.com",
+ *         "my-app", "secret", "/auth/callback")
+ *     .rolesClaimPath("groups")
+ *     .scopeClaimPaths("scope,scp")
+ *     .build();
+ *
+ * // Two tenants on one server
+ * OidcConfig tenantA = OidcConfig.builder("https://idp/realms/a", ..., "/tenantA/auth/callback")
+ *     .routePrefix("/tenantA/auth").build();
+ * OidcConfig tenantB = OidcConfig.builder("https://idp/realms/b", ..., "/tenantB/auth/callback")
+ *     .routePrefix("/tenantB/auth").build();
+ * app.install(new OidcExtension(tenantA))
+ *    .install(new OidcExtension(tenantB));
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+public final class OidcConfig {
+
+    private final String           issuer;
+    private final String           clientId;
+    private final String           clientSecret;
+    private final String           redirectUri;
+    private final String           scopes;
+    private final String           routePrefix;
+    private final String           selfScheme;
+    private final String           rolesClaimPath;
+    private final String           scopeClaimPaths;
+    private final String           algorithm;
+    private final String           postLogoutRedirectUri;
+    private final OidcSessionStore sessionStore;
+    private final boolean          insecureTls;
+    private final ClientAuthMethod clientAuthMethod;
+    private final String           schemeName;
+
+    private OidcConfig(Builder b) {
+        this.issuer                = require(b.issuer,       "issuer");
+        this.clientId              = require(b.clientId,     "clientId");
+        this.clientSecret          = require(b.clientSecret, "clientSecret");
+        this.redirectUri           = require(b.redirectUri,  "redirectUri");
+        this.scopes                = b.scopes;
+        this.routePrefix           = b.routePrefix;
+        this.selfScheme            = b.selfScheme;
+        this.rolesClaimPath        = b.rolesClaimPath;
+        this.scopeClaimPaths       = b.scopeClaimPaths;
+        this.algorithm             = b.algorithm;
+        this.postLogoutRedirectUri = b.postLogoutRedirectUri;
+        this.sessionStore          = b.sessionStore != null ? b.sessionStore
+                                                            : new InMemoryOidcSessionStore();
+        this.insecureTls           = b.insecureTls;
+        this.clientAuthMethod      = b.clientAuthMethod;
+        this.schemeName            = b.schemeName != null ? b.schemeName : deriveScheme(this.issuer);
+    }
+
+    // -- Getters --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    public String           issuer()                { return issuer; }
+    public String           clientId()              { return clientId; }
+    public String           clientSecret()          { return clientSecret; }
+    public String           redirectUri()           { return redirectUri; }
+    public String           scopes()                { return scopes; }
+    public String           routePrefix()           { return routePrefix; }
+    public String           selfScheme()            { return selfScheme; }
+    public String           rolesClaimPath()        { return rolesClaimPath; }
+    /** Comma-separated claim paths used to read OAuth2 scopes (default: {@code "scope,scp"}). */
+    public String           scopeClaimPaths()       { return scopeClaimPaths; }
+    public String           algorithm()             { return algorithm; }
+    public String           postLogoutRedirectUri() { return postLogoutRedirectUri; }
+    public OidcSessionStore sessionStore()          { return sessionStore; }
+    /** If {@code true}, TLS certificate validation is skipped. <b>Never use in production.</b> */
+    public boolean          insecureTls()           { return insecureTls; }
+    public ClientAuthMethod clientAuthMethod()       { return clientAuthMethod; }
+    /** OpenAPI security scheme name (derived from issuer if not set explicitly). */
+    public String           schemeName()            { return schemeName; }
+
+    // -- Factory --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Reads configuration from environment variables:
+     * <pre>
+     * OIDC_ISSUER               required
+     * OIDC_CLIENT_ID            required
+     * OIDC_CLIENT_SECRET        required
+     * OIDC_REDIRECT_URI         required  (e.g. /auth/callback)
+     * OIDC_SCOPES               default: openid profile email
+     * OIDC_ROUTE_PREFIX         default: /auth
+     * OIDC_SELF_SCHEME          default: http
+     * OIDC_ROLES_CLAIM          default: realm_access.roles
+     * OIDC_SCOPE_CLAIMS         default: scope,scp
+     * OIDC_ALGORITHM            default: RS256
+     * OIDC_POST_LOGOUT_REDIRECT default: /
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    public static OidcConfig fromEnv() {
+        return builder(env("OIDC_ISSUER"), env("OIDC_CLIENT_ID"),
+                       env("OIDC_CLIENT_SECRET"), env("OIDC_REDIRECT_URI"))
+                .scopes               (envOr("OIDC_SCOPES",               "openid profile email"))
+                .routePrefix          (envOr("OIDC_ROUTE_PREFIX",          "/auth"))
+                .selfScheme           (envOr("OIDC_SELF_SCHEME",           "http"))
+                .rolesClaimPath       (envOr("OIDC_ROLES_CLAIM",           "realm_access.roles"))
+                .scopeClaimPaths      (envOr("OIDC_SCOPE_CLAIMS",          "scope,scp"))
+                .algorithm            (envOr("OIDC_ALGORITHM",             "RS256"))
+                .postLogoutRedirectUri(envOr("OIDC_POST_LOGOUT_REDIRECT",  "/"))
+                .clientAuthMethod(ClientAuthMethod.valueOf(
+                        envOr("OIDC_CLIENT_AUTH_METHOD", "POST").toUpperCase()))
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    public static Builder builder(String issuer, String clientId,
+                                  String clientSecret, String redirectUri) {
+        return new Builder(issuer, clientId, clientSecret, redirectUri);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience factory for Keycloak: constructs the issuer as
+     * {@code {serverUrl}/realms/{realm}} automatically.
+     *
+     * <pre>{@code
+     * OidcConfig.keycloak(
+     *     "https://keycloak.example.com", "flashboard",
+     *     "my-app", "secret", "/auth/callback")
+     *   .https()
+     *   .build();
+     * }</pre>
+     */
+    public static Builder keycloak(String serverUrl, String realm,
+                                   String clientId, String clientSecret,
+                                   String redirectUri) {
+        String base   = serverUrl.endsWith("/") ? serverUrl.substring(0, serverUrl.length() - 1) : serverUrl;
+        String issuer = base + "/realms/" + realm;
+        return new Builder(issuer, clientId, clientSecret, redirectUri)
+                .rolesClaimPath("realm_access.roles");   // Keycloak default
+    }
+
+    // -- Helpers --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    private static String require(String v, String name) {
+        if (v == null || v.isBlank())
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("OidcConfig: " + name + " is required");
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    private static String env(String key) {
+        String v = System.getenv(key);
+        if (v == null || v.isBlank())
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Missing required env var: " + key);
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    private static String envOr(String key, String def) {
+        String v = System.getenv(key);
+        return (v != null && !v.isBlank()) ? v : def;
+    }
+
+    // -- Builder --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    public static final class Builder {
+
+        private final String issuer;
+        private final String clientId;
+        private final String clientSecret;
+        private final String redirectUri;
+
+        private String           scopes                = "openid profile email";
+        private String           routePrefix           = "/auth";
+        private String           selfScheme            = "http";
+        private String           rolesClaimPath        = "realm_access.roles";
+        private String           scopeClaimPaths       = "scope,scp";
+        private String           algorithm             = "RS256";
+        private String           postLogoutRedirectUri = "/";
+        private OidcSessionStore sessionStore;
+        private boolean          insecureTls           = false;
+        private ClientAuthMethod clientAuthMethod       = ClientAuthMethod.POST;
+        private String           schemeName            = null;
+
+        private Builder(String issuer, String clientId, String clientSecret, String redirectUri) {
+            this.issuer       = issuer;
+            this.clientId     = clientId;
+            this.clientSecret = clientSecret;
+            this.redirectUri  = redirectUri;
+        }
+
+        /** Override requested scopes (default: {@code openid profile email}). */
+        public Builder scopes(String scopes)                        { this.scopes = scopes;                               return this; }
+        /** Route prefix for login/callback/logout (default: {@code /auth}). */
+        public Builder routePrefix(String prefix)                   { this.routePrefix = prefix;                          return this; }
+        /** Scheme used when resolving self-relative redirect URIs (default: {@code http}). */
+        public Builder selfScheme(String scheme)                    { this.selfScheme = scheme;                           return this; }
+        /** Shorthand for {@code selfScheme("https")}. */
+        public Builder https()                                      { return selfScheme("https"); }
+        /** Dot-separated path to the roles array in JWT claims (default: {@code realm_access.roles}). */
+        public Builder rolesClaimPath(String path)                  { this.rolesClaimPath = path;                         return this; }
+        /** Comma-separated claim paths used to resolve OAuth2 scopes (default: {@code scope,scp}). */
+        public Builder scopeClaimPaths(String paths)                { this.scopeClaimPaths = paths;                       return this; }
+        /** JWS algorithm (default: {@code RS256}). */
+        public Builder algorithm(String algorithm)                  { this.algorithm = algorithm;                         return this; }
+        /** Where to redirect after logout (default: {@code /}). */
+        public Builder postLogoutRedirectUri(String uri)            { this.postLogoutRedirectUri = uri;                   return this; }
+        /** Custom session store (default: {@link InMemoryOidcSessionStore}). */
+        public Builder sessionStore(OidcSessionStore store)         { this.sessionStore = store;                          return this; }
+        /**
+         * Disables TLS certificate verification for all HTTP calls made by this extension.
+         * <b>Only use in development with self-signed certificates — never in production.</b>
+         */
+        public Builder insecureTls()                                { this.insecureTls = true;                            return this; }
+        /** Token endpoint client authentication method (default: {@link ClientAuthMethod#POST}). */
+        public Builder clientAuthMethod(ClientAuthMethod method)    { this.clientAuthMethod = method;                     return this; }
+        /** Override the OpenAPI security scheme name (default: derived from the issuer URI). */
+        public Builder schemeName(String name)                      { this.schemeName = name;                             return this; }
+
+        public OidcConfig build() { return new OidcConfig(this); }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Derives a short, human-readable scheme name from the issuer URI.
+     * Takes the last non-empty path segment; falls back to the host.
+     *
+     * <p>Examples:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>{@code https://keycloak.dev.home/realms/flashboard} → {@code "flashboard"}</li>
+     *   <li>{@code https://auth.example.com}                    → {@code "auth.example.com"}</li>
+     * </ul>
+     */
+    private static String deriveScheme(String issuer) {
+        try {
+            java.net.URI uri = new java.net.URI(issuer);
+            String path = uri.getPath();
+            if (path != null && !path.isEmpty()) {
+                String[] parts = path.split("/");
+                for (int i = parts.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                    if (!parts[i].isEmpty()) return parts[i];
+                }
+            }
+            return uri.getHost();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            return "oidc";
+        }
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/oidc/OidcExtension.java

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.oidc;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.openapi.OpenApiContributor;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.openapi.OpenApiContributorRegistry;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.openapi.OpenApiOperationContribution;
+import dev.relism.flash.ext.openapi.OpenApiResponseContribution;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashContext;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashExtension;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashRegistrar;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Request;
+
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
+import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
+import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import java.net.http.HttpClient;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.*;
+
+/**
+ * Full OIDC Authorization Code + PKCE flow for Flash.
+ *
+ * <p>At {@link #provide}, the extension:
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>Fetches the provider discovery document — fail-fast at startup.</li>
+ *   <li>Provides {@link OidcMiddleware} and {@link JwtValidator} in the context.</li>
+ *   <li>Registers annotation processors for {@link Authenticated}, {@link RolesAllowed}
+ *       and {@link ScopesAllowed}.</li>
+ * </ol>
+ *
+ * <p>At {@link #routes}, three routes are registered:
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>{@code GET  {prefix}/login}    — builds the authorization URL and redirects.</li>
+ *   <li>{@code GET  {prefix}/callback} — exchanges the code, creates a session, redirects.</li>
+ *   <li>{@code POST {prefix}/logout}   — invalidates the session, redirects to provider
+ *       end-session endpoint (if available) or to {@link OidcConfig#postLogoutRedirectUri()}.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * // Keycloak
+ * app.install(new OidcExtension(
+ *     OidcConfig.builder(
+ *             "https://keycloak.example.com/realms/myrealm",
+ *             "my-app", "secret", "/auth/callback")
+ *         .rolesClaimPath("realm_access.roles")
+ *         .build()));
+ *
+ * // Two providers / tenants on one server
+ * app.install(new OidcExtension(tenantAConfig))
+ *    .install(new OidcExtension(tenantBConfig));
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+public class OidcExtension implements FlashExtension {
+
+    private final OidcConfig config;
+
+    // Initialized in provide(), used in routes() — private to this extension instance.
+    private OidcProviderMetadata meta;
+    private OidcStateStore       stateStore;
+    private TokenClient          tokenClient;
+    private JwtValidator         validator;
+    private OidcMiddleware       oidcMw;
+
+    public OidcExtension(OidcConfig config) {
+        this.config = config;
+    }
+
+    // ── Phase 1: services ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    @Override
+    public void provide(FlashContext ctx) {
+        HttpClient http = buildHttpClient(config);
+
+        // Discover provider endpoints (blocking; fail fast at startup).
+        try {
+            meta = DiscoveryClient.fetch(config.issuer(), http);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("OIDC discovery failed for issuer: " + config.issuer(), e);
+        }
+
+        validator   = new JwtValidator(meta.jwksUri(), config.issuer(), config.clientId(), config.algorithm(), http);
+        stateStore  = new OidcStateStore();
+        tokenClient = new TokenClient(http, config);
+        oidcMw      = new OidcMiddleware(validator, config, meta, tokenClient);
+
+        ctx.provide(OidcMiddleware.class, oidcMw);
+        ctx.provide(JwtValidator.class,   validator);
+
+        ctx.addAnnotationProcessor(handlerClass -> {
+            OidcAuthPolicy policy = OidcAuthPolicy.compileFromAnnotations(handlerClass);
+            return policy != null ? List.of(oidcMw.policyMiddleware(policy)) : List.of();
+        });
+    }
+
+    // ── Phase 2: routes ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    @Override
+    public void routes(FlashRegistrar<?> app, FlashContext ctx) {
+        String prefix = config.routePrefix();
+
+        // ── GET {prefix}/login ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+        // Builds the provider authorization URL with PKCE + state and redirects.
+        // Optional query param: ?redirect={relative-url}  (default: /)
+        app.get(prefix + "/login", (req, res) -> {
+            String verifier  = PkceUtils.generateVerifier();
+            String challenge = PkceUtils.computeChallenge(verifier);
+            String state     = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+            String nonce     = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+
+            String redirect = req.query("redirect");
+            if (redirect == null || !redirect.startsWith("/")) redirect = "/";
+
+            stateStore.put(state, redirect, verifier, nonce);
+
+            String authUrl = meta.authorizationEndpoint()
+                    + "?response_type=code"
+                    + "&client_id="              + enc(config.clientId())
+                    + "&redirect_uri="           + enc(absoluteRedirectUri(req))
+                    + "&scope="                  + enc(config.scopes())
+                    + "&state="                  + state
+                    + "&nonce="                  + enc(nonce)
+                    + "&code_challenge="         + challenge
+                    + "&code_challenge_method=S256";
+
+            res.redirect(authUrl);
+            return null;
+        });
+
+        // ── GET {prefix}/callback ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+        // Validates state, exchanges code for tokens, creates session, redirects.
+        app.get(prefix + "/callback", (req, res) -> {
+            String error = req.query("error");
+            if (error != null) {
+                res.status(400);
+                return "Authentication error: " + error
+                        + (req.query("error_description") != null
+                           ? " — " + req.query("error_description") : "");
+            }
+
+            String code  = req.query("code");
+            String state = req.query("state");
+
+            OidcStateStore.Entry entry = stateStore.consumeAndRemove(state).orElse(null);
+            if (entry == null) {
+                res.status(400);
+                return "Invalid or expired state parameter";
+            }
+
+            OidcTokenResponse tokens = tokenClient.exchangeCode(
+                    meta.tokenEndpoint(), code, absoluteRedirectUri(req), entry.codeVerifier());
+
+            // Validate ID token: signature + iss + aud + exp + iat + sub + nonce (OIDC Core §3.1.3.7)
+            if (tokens.idToken() != null) {
+                try {
+                    validator.validateIdToken(tokens.idToken(), entry.nonce());
+                } catch (OidcValidationException e) {
+                    res.status(400);
+                    return "ID token validation failed: " + e.getMessage();
+                }
+            }
+
+            Map<String, Object> claims = mergeClaims(tokens);
+            OidcSession session = new OidcSession(
+                    UUID.randomUUID().toString(),
+                    tokens.accessToken(), tokens.idToken(), tokens.refreshToken(),
+                    Instant.now().plusSeconds(tokens.expiresIn()), claims);
+            config.sessionStore().save(session);
+
+            res.header("Set-Cookie", sessionCookie(session.id()))
+               .redirect(entry.originalUrl());
+            return null;
+        });
+
+        // ── POST {prefix}/logout ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+        // Invalidates the local session and redirects to end_session_endpoint.
+        app.post(prefix + "/logout", (req, res) -> {
+            String sessionId   = OidcMiddleware.cookieValue(req, "oidc_session");
+            String idTokenHint = null;
+
+            if (sessionId != null) {
+                OidcSession session = config.sessionStore().find(sessionId).orElse(null);
+                if (session != null) idTokenHint = session.idToken();
+                config.sessionStore().delete(sessionId);
+            }
+
+            String clearCookie = "oidc_session=; HttpOnly; Path=/; Max-Age=0; SameSite=Lax";
+            String location;
+
+            if (meta.endSessionEndpoint() != null) {
+                String postLogout = absoluteSelf(req, config.postLogoutRedirectUri());
+                StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder(meta.endSessionEndpoint())
+                        .append("?post_logout_redirect_uri=").append(enc(postLogout));
+                if (idTokenHint != null)
+                    url.append("&id_token_hint=").append(enc(idTokenHint));
+                location = url.toString();
+            } else {
+                location = config.postLogoutRedirectUri();
+            }
+
+            res.header("Set-Cookie", clearCookie).redirect(location);
+            return null;
+        });
+
+        // Register OpenAPI security scheme if flash-ext-openapi is on the classpath.
+        try {
+            OpenApiIntegration.register(ctx, config, meta);
+        } catch (NoClassDefFoundError ignored) {
+            // flash-ext-openapi not available — OpenAPI integration disabled
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /**
+     * Merges claims from both the access token and the ID token.
+     * ID token values win on conflict so that verified identity claims are authoritative.
+     */
+    private static Map<String, Object> mergeClaims(OidcTokenResponse tokens) {
+        Map<String, Object> merged = new HashMap<>();
+        if (tokens.accessToken() != null) merged.putAll(JwtUtils.parseClaims(tokens.accessToken()));
+        if (tokens.idToken()     != null) merged.putAll(JwtUtils.parseClaims(tokens.idToken()));
+        return Map.copyOf(merged);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds an {@link HttpClient}. If {@link OidcConfig#insecureTls()} is set,
+     * installs a trust-all {@link SSLContext} that accepts any certificate.
+     * <b>Only safe for development with self-signed certificates.</b>
+     */
+    private static HttpClient buildHttpClient(OidcConfig config) {
+        if (!config.insecureTls()) return HttpClient.newHttpClient();
+        try {
+            TrustManager[] trustAll = { new X509TrustManager() {
+                public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers()                 { return new X509Certificate[0]; }
+                public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] c, String a) {}
+                public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] c, String a) {}
+            }};
+            SSLContext sslCtx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
+            sslCtx.init(null, trustAll, new SecureRandom());
+            return HttpClient.newBuilder().sslContext(sslCtx).build();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to create trust-all SSLContext", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String absoluteRedirectUri(Request req) {
+        return absoluteSelf(req, config.redirectUri());
+    }
+
+    private String absoluteSelf(Request req, String uri) {
+        if (!uri.startsWith("/")) return uri;
+        return config.selfScheme() + "://" + req.header("Host") + uri;
+    }
+
+    private static String enc(String v) {
+        return URLEncoder.encode(v, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    }
+
+    private static String sessionCookie(String id) {
+        return "oidc_session=" + id + "; HttpOnly; Path=/; SameSite=Lax";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loaded lazily so that {@code flash-ext-openapi} classes are only resolved at
+     * runtime when {@link OpenApiContributorRegistry} is actually on the classpath.
+     */
+    private static final class OpenApiIntegration {
+        static void register(FlashContext ctx,
+                             OidcConfig config, OidcProviderMetadata meta) {
+            ctx.find(OpenApiContributorRegistry.class)
+               .ifPresent(registry -> registry.add(new OpenApiContributor() {
+
+                    @Override
+                    public Map<String, Object> componentContributions() {
+                        Map<String, String> scopesMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+                        for (String s : config.scopes().split("\\s+")) {
+                            if (!s.isBlank()) scopesMap.put(s, s);
+                        }
+                        Map<String, Object> flow = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+                        flow.put("authorizationUrl", meta.authorizationEndpoint());
+                        flow.put("tokenUrl",         meta.tokenEndpoint());
+                        flow.put("scopes",           scopesMap);
+
+                        Map<String, Object> scheme = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+                        scheme.put("type",  "oauth2");
+                        scheme.put("flows", Map.of("authorizationCode", flow));
+
+                        Map<String, Object> securitySchemes = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+                        securitySchemes.put(config.schemeName(), scheme);
+                        return Map.of("securitySchemes", securitySchemes);
+                    }
+
+                     @Override
+                     public OpenApiOperationContribution operationFor(Class<?> handlerClass) {
+                        OpenApiOperationContribution.Builder out =
+                                OpenApiOperationContribution.builder();
+
+                        List<String> operationScopes = OidcAuthPolicy.openApiScopesFor(handlerClass);
+                        if (operationScopes != null) {
+                            out.security(config.schemeName(), operationScopes);
+                        }
+
+                        OidcAuthPolicy policy = OidcAuthPolicy.compileFromAnnotations(handlerClass);
+                        if (policy == null || policy.optionalAuth()) return out.build();
+
+                        out.response(401, OpenApiResponseContribution.of("Authentication required"));
+
+                        String[] roles = policy.requiredRoles();
+                        String[] scopes = policy.requiredScopes();
+                        if (roles.length == 0 && scopes.length == 0) return out.build();
+
+                        String roleMessage = roles.length == 0 ? null : roleRequiredMessage(roles);
+                        String scopeMessage = scopes.length == 0 ? null : scopeRequiredMessage(scopes);
+                        if (roleMessage != null && scopeMessage != null) {
+                            out.response(403, OpenApiResponseContribution.of(roleMessage + "; " + scopeMessage));
+                        } else
+                            out.response(403, OpenApiResponseContribution.of(Objects.requireNonNullElse(roleMessage, scopeMessage)));
+                        return out.build();
+                     }
+                }));
+        }
+
+        private static String roleRequiredMessage(String[] roles) {
+            if (roles.length == 1) return "\"" + roles[0] + "\" role required";
+            return "Roles \"" + String.join(", ", roles) + "\" are required";
+        }
+
+        private static String scopeRequiredMessage(String[] scopes) {
+            if (scopes.length == 1) return "\"" + scopes[0] + "\" scope required";
+            return "Scopes \"" + String.join(", ", scopes) + "\" are required";
+        }
+    }
+}

flash-extensions/flash-ext-oidc/src/main/java/dev/relism/flash/ext/oidc/OidcMiddleware.java

@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+package dev.relism.flash.ext.oidc;
+
+import dev.relism.flash.exceptions.HttpException;
+import dev.relism.flash.extension.FlashContext;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Response;
+import dev.relism.flash.models.Request;
+import dev.relism.flash.routing.Middleware;
+
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/**
+ * Request-level OIDC middleware. Exposed in the {@link FlashContext}
+ * for manual use on lambda routes; injected automatically for handlers annotated with
+ * {@link Authenticated}, {@link RolesAllowed} or {@link ScopesAllowed}.
+ *
+ * <p>Resolution order on each request:
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>{@code Authorization: Bearer ...} header — validated via JWKS ({@link JwtValidator}).</li>
+ *   <li>{@code oidc_session} cookie — looked up in {@link OidcSessionStore}; transparently
+ *       refreshed if the access token is expired.</li>
+ *   <li>Browser clients (no {@code Accept: application/json}) → redirect to
+ *       {@code {routePrefix}/login?redirect={path}}.</li>
+ *   <li>API clients → 401.</li>
+ * </ol>
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * // Manual use on a lambda route:
+ * OidcMiddleware oidc = app.ctx().require(OidcMiddleware.class);
+ * app.get("/api/me", (req, res) -> ClaimsHolder.claim("sub"), oidc.protect());
+ * app.delete("/admin/users/{id}", handler, oidc.requireRole("admin"));
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+public class OidcMiddleware {
+
+    private static final String BEARER = "Bearer";
+
+    private final JwtValidator         validator;
+    private final OidcConfig           config;
+    private final OidcProviderMetadata meta;
+    private final TokenClient          tokenClient;
+    private final String[]             roleClaimPathParts;
+    private final String[][]           scopeClaimPathParts;
+
+    OidcMiddleware(JwtValidator validator, OidcConfig config,
+                   OidcProviderMetadata meta, TokenClient tokenClient) {
+        this.validator   = validator;
+        this.config      = config;
+        this.meta        = meta;
+        this.tokenClient = tokenClient;
+        this.roleClaimPathParts = splitClaimPath(config.rolesClaimPath());
+        this.scopeClaimPathParts = splitClaimPaths(config.scopeClaimPaths());
+    }
+
+    // -- Public API -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Validates the bearer token or session cookie. Browser clients are redirected
+     * to the login page on failure; API clients receive 401.
+     */
+    public Middleware protect() {
+        return next -> (req, res) -> {
+            Map<String, Object> claims = resolve(req, res);
+            if (claims == null) return null;    // redirect already written
+            ClaimsHolder.set(claims);
+            try {
+                return next.handle(req, res);
+            } finally {
+                ClaimsHolder.clear();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Silently populates {@link ClaimsHolder} if a valid bearer token or session cookie
+     * is present, but never rejects or redirects unauthenticated requests. Use this on
+     * public routes that want to personalise the response when the user happens to be
+     * logged in (e.g. showing a username on a landing page).
+     *
+     * <pre>{@code
+     * app.get("/", handler, oidc.optional());
+     * // Inside handler: ClaimsHolder.user() is non-null iff the user is logged in.
+     * }</pre>
+     */
+    public Middleware optional() {
+        return next -> (req, res) -> {
+            Map<String, Object> claims = resolveQuiet(req);
+            if (claims != null) ClaimsHolder.set(claims);
+            try {
+                return next.handle(req, res);
+            } finally {
+                ClaimsHolder.clear();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compiled authorization policy path used by annotation-driven mounting.
+     * The policy is immutable and built once at boot.
+     */
+    public Middleware authorize(OidcAuthPolicy policy) {
+        if (policy.optionalAuth()) return optional();
+        return next -> (req, res) -> {
+            Map<String, Object> claims = resolve(req, res);
+            if (claims == null) return null;
+            enforcePolicy(claims, policy, res);
+            ClaimsHolder.set(claims);
+            try {
+                return next.handle(req, res);
+            } finally {
+                ClaimsHolder.clear();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@link #protect()} but also enforces that the caller holds at least one
+     * of the given roles (OR semantics). Roles are extracted via
+     * {@link OidcConfig#rolesClaimPath()}.
+     */
+    public Middleware requireRole(String... roles) {
+        return authorize(OidcAuthPolicy.rolesAny(roles));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Requires all listed scopes to be present in the token.
+     * Scopes are resolved from configured claim paths (default: {@code scope,scp}).
+     */
+    public Middleware requireScopes(String... scopes) {
+        return authorize(OidcAuthPolicy.scopes(scopes, ScopesAllowed.Match.ALL));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Requires at least one of the listed scopes to be present in the token.
+     * Scopes are resolved from configured claim paths (default: {@code scope,scp}).
+     */
+    public Middleware requireAnyScope(String... scopes) {
+        return authorize(OidcAuthPolicy.scopes(scopes, ScopesAllowed.Match.ANY));
+    }
+
+    // -- Package-private: AnnotationProcessor hooks ---------------------------
+
+    Middleware authenticatedMiddleware()          { return protect(); }
+    Middleware optionalMiddleware()               { return optional(); }
+    Middleware rolesMiddleware(String[] required) { return requireRole(required); }
+    Middleware scopesMiddleware(String[] required, ScopesAllowed.Match match) {
+        return authorize(OidcAuthPolicy.scopes(required, match));
+    }
+    Middleware policyMiddleware(OidcAuthPolicy policy) { return authorize(policy); }
+
+    // -- Internals ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@link #resolve} but never redirects or throws — returns {@code null} silently
+     * when no valid credentials are present. Used by {@link #optional()}.
+     */
+    private Map<String, Object> resolveQuiet(Request req) {
+        String bearerToken = extractBearerToken(req.header("Authorization"));
+        if (bearerToken != null) {
+            try {
+                return validator.validate(bearerToken);
+            } catch (Exception ignored) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        String sessionId = cookieValue(req, "oidc_session");
+        if (sessionId != null) {
+            Optional<OidcSession> found = config.sessionStore().find(sessionId);
+            if (found.isPresent()) {
+                OidcSession session = found.get();
+                if (!session.isAccessTokenExpired())
+                    return session.claims();
+                if (session.refreshToken() != null) {
+                    try {
+                        OidcSession refreshed = doRefresh(session);
+                        config.sessionStore().save(refreshed);
+                        return refreshed.claims();
+                    } catch (Exception ignored) { }
+                }
+                config.sessionStore().delete(sessionId);
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns claims on success, or {@code null} if a redirect was already written to
+     * {@code res}. Throws {@link HttpException} 401/403 for API clients.
+     */
+    private Map<String, Object> resolve(Request req, Response res) {
+        // 1. Bearer token
+        String bearerToken = extractBearerToken(req.header("Authorization"));
+        if (bearerToken != null) {
+            try {
+                return validator.validate(bearerToken);
+            } catch (HttpException e) {
+                res.header("WWW-Authenticate", invalidTokenChallenge());
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 2. Session cookie
+        String sessionId = cookieValue(req, "oidc_session");
+        if (sessionId != null) {
+            Optional<OidcSession> found = config.sessionStore().find(sessionId);
+            if (found.isPresent()) {
+                OidcSession session = found.get();
+
+                if (!session.isAccessTokenExpired())
+                    return session.claims();
+
+                // Access token expired — try silent refresh
+                if (session.refreshToken() != null) {
+                    try {
+                        OidcSession refreshed = doRefresh(session);
+                        config.sessionStore().save(refreshed);
+                        return refreshed.claims();
+                    } catch (Exception ignored) {
+                        // Refresh failed — fall through to re-authenticate
+                    }
+                }
+                config.sessionStore().delete(sessionId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 3. No valid credentials
+        String accept = req.header("Accept");
+        if (accept != null && accept.contains("application/json")) {
+            res.header("WWW-Authenticate", bearerChallenge());
+            throw HttpException.unauthorized();
+        }
+
+        // Browser — redirect to login, preserving the original URL in state
+        String loginUrl = config.routePrefix() + "/login?redirect="
+                + URLEncoder.encode(req.path(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        res.redirect(loginUrl);
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private OidcSession doRefresh(OidcSession old) throws Exception {
+        OidcTokenResponse tokens = tokenClient.refresh(
+                meta.tokenEndpoint(), old.refreshToken());
+
+        Map<String, Object> claims = mergeRefreshedClaims(tokens, old);
+
+        return new OidcSession(
+                old.id(),
+                tokens.accessToken(),
+                tokens.idToken() != null ? tokens.idToken() : old.idToken(),
+                tokens.refreshToken() != null ? tokens.refreshToken() : old.refreshToken(),
+                Instant.now().plusSeconds(tokens.expiresIn()),
+                claims
+        );
+    }
+
+    private void enforcePolicy(Map<String, Object> claims, OidcAuthPolicy policy, Response res) {
+        checkRoles(claims, policy.requiredRoles());
+        checkScopes(claims, policy.requiredScopes(), policy.scopeMatch(), res);
+    }
+
+    private void checkRoles(Map<String, Object> claims, String[] required) {
+        if (required.length == 0) return;
+        if (rolesAllowed(claims, required)) return;
+        throw HttpException.forbidden();
+    }
+
+    private void checkScopes(Map<String, Object> claims, String[] required, ScopesAllowed.Match match,
+                             Response res) {
+        if (required.length == 0) return;
+        if (scopesAllowed(claims, required, match)) return;
+        res.header("WWW-Authenticate", insufficientScopeChallenge(required));
+        throw HttpException.forbidden();
+    }
+
+    static String extractBearerToken(String authorizationHeader) {
+        if (authorizationHeader == null) return null;
+        int len = authorizationHeader.length();
+        int start = 0;
+        while (start < len && Character.isWhitespace(authorizationHeader.charAt(start))) start++;
+        int schemeEnd = start + BEARER.length();
+        if (schemeEnd > len || !authorizationHeader.regionMatches(true, start, BEARER, 0, BEARER.length())) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (schemeEnd == len || !Character.isWhitespace(authorizationHeader.charAt(schemeEnd))) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        int tokenStart = schemeEnd;
+        while (tokenStart < len && Character.isWhitespace(authorizationHeader.charAt(tokenStart))) tokenStart++;
+        if (tokenStart >= len) return null;
+        int tokenEnd = len;
+        while (tokenEnd > tokenStart && Character.isWhitespace(authorizationHeader.charAt(tokenEnd - 1))) tokenEnd--;
+        return tokenEnd > tokenStart ? authorizationHeader.substring(tokenStart, tokenEnd) : null;
+    }
+
+    String bearerChallenge() {
+        return BEARER + " realm=\"" + quoted(config.schemeName()) + "\"";
+    }
+
+    String invalidTokenChallenge() {
+        return bearerChallenge() + ", error=\"invalid_token\"";
+    }
+
+    String insufficientScopeChallenge(String[] requiredScopes) {
+        return bearerChallenge() + ", error=\"insufficient_scope\", scope=\""
+                + quoted(spaceDelimited(requiredScopes)) + "\"";
+    }
+
+    private static String spaceDelimited(String[] values) {
+        if (values == null || values.length == 0) return "";
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+            if (i > 0) sb.append(' ');
+            sb.append(values[i]);
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static String quoted(String value) {
+        StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(value.length() + 8);
+        for (int i = 0; i < value.length(); i++) {
+            char c = value.charAt(i);
+            if (c == '"' || c == '\\') out.append('\\');
+            out.append(c);
+        }
+        return out.toString();
+    }
+
+    boolean rolesAllowed(Map<String, Object> claims, String[] required) {
+        Object actual = valueAtPath(claims, roleClaimPathParts);
+        if (actual == null) return false;
+        for (String role : required) {
+            if (containsToken(actual, role)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    boolean scopesAllowed(Map<String, Object> claims, String[] required, ScopesAllowed.Match match) {
+        if (match == ScopesAllowed.Match.ALL) {
+            for (String scope : required) {
+                if (!hasScope(claims, scope)) return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        for (String scope : required) {
+            if (hasScope(claims, scope)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasScope(Map<String, Object> claims, String scope) {
+        for (String[] pathParts : scopeClaimPathParts) {
+            Object value = valueAtPath(claims, pathParts);
+            if (value != null && containsToken(value, scope)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static Object valueAtPath(Map<String, Object> claims, String[] pathParts) {
+        Object current = claims;
+        for (String part : pathParts) {
+            if (!(current instanceof Map<?, ?> map)) return null;
+            current = map.get(part);
+            if (current == null) return null;
+        }
+        return current;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean containsToken(Object source, String token) {
+        if (source instanceof String s) return containsDelimitedToken(s, token);
+        if (source instanceof List<?> list) {
+            for (Object item : list) {
+                if (item == null) continue;
+                if (tokenEquals(item.toString(), token)) return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (source instanceof Object[] arr) {
+            for (Object item : arr) {
+                if (item == null) continue;
+                if (tokenEquals(item.toString(), token)) return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+        return tokenEquals(source.toString(), token);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean containsDelimitedToken(String value, String token) {
+        int len = value.length();
+        int i = 0;
+        while (i < len) {
+            while (i < len && isScopeDelimiter(value.charAt(i))) i++;
+            int start = i;
+            while (i < len && !isScopeDelimiter(value.charAt(i))) i++;
+            int end = i;
+            if (end > start && end - start == token.length() && value.regionMatches(start, token, 0, token.length())) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean tokenEquals(String value, String token) {
+        int start = 0;
+        int end = value.length();
+        while (start < end && Character.isWhitespace(value.charAt(start))) start++;
+        while (end > start && Character.isWhitespace(value.charAt(end - 1))) end--;
+        return end - start == token.length() && value.regionMatches(start, token, 0, token.length());
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isScopeDelimiter(char c) {
+        return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == ',';
+    }
+
+    private static String[] splitClaimPath(String path) {
+        if (path == null || path.isBlank()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("OIDC claim path cannot be blank");
+        }
+        List<String> parts = new ArrayList<>(4);
+        int start = 0;
+        int len = path.length();
+        for (int i = 0; i <= len; i++) {
+            if (i == len || path.charAt(i) == '.') {
+                String p = path.substring(start, i).trim();
+                if (!p.isEmpty()) parts.add(p);
+                start = i + 1;
+            }
+        }
+        if (parts.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("OIDC claim path cannot be blank");
+        }
+        return parts.toArray(String[]::new);
+    }
+
+    private static String[][] splitClaimPaths(String paths) {
+        String source = (paths == null || paths.isBlank()) ? "scope,scp" : paths;
+        List<String[]> out = new ArrayList<>(4);
+        int start = 0;
+        int len = source.length();
+        for (int i = 0; i <= len; i++) {
+            if (i == len || source.charAt(i) == ',') {
+                String raw = source.substring(start, i).trim();
+                if (!raw.isEmpty()) out.add(splitClaimPath(raw));
+                start = i + 1;
+            }
+        }
+        if (out.isEmpty()) {
+            return new String[][]{ splitClaimPath("scope"), splitClaimPath("scp") };
+        }
+        return out.toArray(String[][]::new);
+    }
+
+    private static Map<String, Object> mergeRefreshedClaims(OidcTokenResponse tokens, OidcSession old) {
+        Map<String, Object> merged = new HashMap<>();
+        // Fall back to old claims first, then overlay fresh token claims
+        merged.putAll(old.claims());
+        if (tokens.accessToken() != null)
+            merged.putAll(JwtUtils.parseClaims(tokens.accessToken()));
+        if (tokens.idToken() != null)
+            merged.putAll(JwtUtils.parseClaims(tokens.idToken()));
+        return Map.copyOf(merged);
+    }
+
+    // -- Shared cookie utility (also used by OidcExtension) -------------------
+
+    static String cookieValue(Request req, String name) {
+        String header = req.header("Cookie");
+        if (header == null || header.isBlank()) return null;
+        int len   = header.length();
+        int start = 0;
+        while (start < len) {
+            int semi = header.indexOf(';', start);
+            int end  = semi < 0 ? len : semi;
+            int eq   = header.indexOf('=', start);
+            if (eq > start && eq < end) {
+                int ns = start, ne = eq;
+                while (ns < ne && header.charAt(ns)   == ' ') ns++;
+                while (ne > ns && header.charAt(ne-1) == ' ') ne--;
+                if (ne - ns == name.length() && header.regionMatches(ns, name, 0, name.length()))
+                    return header.substring(eq + 1, end).strip();
+            }
+            start = end + 1;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+}